mysql实验&ansible常用模块
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1、主从复制及主主复制的实现
主从复制
1.1主节点
```html/xml
#下载mysql5.7
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql rpm源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
#查看mysql初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-02-20T05:33:52.076247Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: R<V:GU:ra3O9
#设置密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pR<V:GU:ra3O9 password Root123!
#修改配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin
#创建有复制权限的用户账号
mysql> grant replication slave on . to repluser@10.0.0.% identified by Root123!;
#查看二进制文件和位置
mysql> show master logs;
+----------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+----------------------+-----------+
| localhost-bin.000001 | 154 |
+----------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.2从节点
```html/xml
#下载mysql5.7
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql rpm源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
#查看mysql初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-02-20T11:55:37.969845Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ib=Lw8r9q3tN
#设置密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pib=Lw8r9q3tN password Root123!
#导入数据库文件
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -pRoot123! < hellodb.sql
#修改配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=18
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
#使用有复制权限的用户账号连接至主服务器，并启动复制线程
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=10.0.0.153,MASTER_USER=repluser,MASTER_PASSWORD=Root123!, MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_LOG_FILE=localhost-bin.000001, MASTER_LOG_POS=759;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\\G
主主复制
1.2第一个master
```html/xml
#下载mysql5.7
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql rpm源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
#查看mysql初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-02-22T06:56:57.727527Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QmtSPzqXW0m
#修改密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pQmtSPzqXW0m passwordRoot123!
#使用新密码登录
mysql> grant replication slave on . to repluser@10.0.0.%
identified by Root123!;
#导入数据库文件
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pRoot123! < hellodb.sql
#修改配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=8
log-bin
auto_increment_offset=1 #开始点
auto_increment_increment=2 #增长幅度
#重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
#查看节点
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p
mysql> show master logs;
+----------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+----------------------+-----------+
| localhost-bin.000001 | 456 |
+----------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#创建可复制账户
mysql> grant replication slave on . to repluser@10.0.0.% identified by Root123!;
1.2.1第二个master
```html/xml
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=18
log-bin
auto_increment_offset=2 #开始点
auto_increment_increment=2 #增长幅度
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p
#创建可复制账户
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@10.0.0.% identified by Root123!;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST=10.0.0.153,
MASTER_USER=repluser,
MASTER_PASSWORD=Root123!,
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE=localhost-bin.000001,
MASTER_LOG_POS=456;
#启动节点
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#查看二进制文件的位置
mysql> show master logs;
+----------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+----------------------+-----------+
| localhost-bin.000001 | 456 |
+----------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.2.2第一个master
```html/xml
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
CHANGE MASTER TObr/>MASTER_HOST=192.168.2.158,
MASTER_USER=repluser,
MASTER_PASSWORD=Jhd2020@,
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE=localhost-bin.000001,
MASTER_LOG_POS=456;
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#在第一个master节点操作
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> use db1
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(id int auto_increment primary key,name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
#在第二个master节点进行查询
mysql> select * from t1;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | user1 |
+----+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
##### 2、xtrabackup实现全量+增量+binlog恢复库
2.1安装xtrabackup安装mysql
```html/xml
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
#下载mysql5.7
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql rpm源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
#查看mysql初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-20-23T06:56:57.727527Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QmtSPzqXW0*m
#设置密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pQmtSPzqXW0*m passwordRoot123!2.3 导入测试数据，实现增量备份
```html/xml
#导入数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pRoot123! < hellodb.sql
#创建数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> use db1
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(id int auto_increment primary key,name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
1、完全备份
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /backup/
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pRoot123! --backup --target-dir=/backup/base
2、第一次修改数据
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user4);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
3、第一次增量备份
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pRoot123! --backup --target-dir=/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/backup/base
4、第二次修改数据
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user5);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user6);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
5、第二次增量备份
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pRoot123! --backup --target-dir=/backup/inc2 --incremental-basedir=/backup/inc1
6、src传输到目标主机
[root@localhost ~]# scp -r /backup/* 10.0.0.156:/backup/
#备份过程生成三个备份目录
/backup/base，inc1，inc2
2还原过程
1）预准备完成备份，此选项--apply-log-only 阻止回滚未完成的事务
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/base
2）合并第1次增量备份到完全备份，
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/base --incremental-dir=/backup/inc1
3）合并第2次增量备份到完全备份：最后一次还原不需要加选项--apply-log-only
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/base --incremental-dir=/backup/inc2
4）复制到数据库目录，注意数据库目录必须为空，MySQL服务不能启动
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/base
5）还原属性：
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
6）启动服务：
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
2.4完全备份
```html/xml
#安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
#下载mysql5.7
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql rpm源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
#查看mysql初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-20-23T07:56:57.727527Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QmtSPzqXW0*m
#设置密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pQmtSPzqXW0*m passwordRoot123!
# 在原主机上进行备份到/backup
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pRoot123! --backup --target-dir=/backup/
#复制到目标主机
[root@localhost ~]# scp -r /backup/* 10.0.0.156:/backup/
# 在目标主机上还原
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql3、MyCAT实现MySQL读写分离
```html/xml
mysql-master 10.0.0.152
mysql-slave 10.0.0.153
mycat-server 10.0.0.156
关闭防火墙、SELinux，并进行时间同步
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
nntpdate ntp.aliyun.com
3.1、创建mysql 主从数据库
```html/xml
#下载mysql5.7
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql rpm源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
#查看mysql初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-20-23T07:56:57.727527Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QmtSPzqXW0*m
#设置密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pQmtSPzqXW0*m passwordRoot123!3.2.1、修改master和slave上的配置文件
```html/xml
#master上的my.cnf
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
log-bin
#slave上的my.cnf
[root@centos17 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 2
3.2.2、master上创建复制用户
```html/xml
[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@10.0.0.% identified by Root123!;
mysql> show master status;
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| centos7-bin.000002 | 306 | | | |
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST=10.0.0.152,
MASTER_USER=repluser,
MASTER_PASSWORD=Root123!,
MASTER_LOG_FILE=centos7-bin.000002,
MASTER_LOG_POS=306;3.2.3、slave上执行
```html/xml
[root@centos17 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST=10.0.0.152,
MASTER_USER=repluser,
MASTER_PASSWORD=Root123!,
MASTER_LOG_FILE=centos7-bin.000002,
MASTER_LOG_POS=306;
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\\G
1. row
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 10.0.0.152
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: centos7-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 306
Relay_Log_File: centos17-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: centos7-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
3.3、在10.0.0.156的服务器上安装mycat 并启动
```html/xml
[root@centos27 ~]# yum -y install mysql
[root@centos27 ~]# yum -y install java
#确认安装成功
[root@centos27 ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_282"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_282-b08)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.282-b08, mixed mode)
#下载并安装
[root@centos27 ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.4/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz
[root@centos27 ~]# mkdir /app
[root@centos27 ~]# tar xvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz -C /app/
[root@centos27 ~]# echo PATH=/app/mycat/bin:$PATH > /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh
[root@centos27 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh
[root@centos27 ~]# ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@centos27 ~]# mycat start
Starting Mycat-server...
[root@centos27 ~]# ss -ntlp
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* users:(("master",pid=2626,fd=13))
LISTEN 0 1 127.0.0.1:32000 *:* users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=4))
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:* users:(("rpcbind",pid=708,fd=4),("systemd",pid=1,fd=54))
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=1127,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* users:(("master",pid=2626,fd=14))
LISTEN 0 50 [::]:1984 [::]:* users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=65))
LISTEN 0 100 [::]:8066 [::]:* users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=86))
LISTEN 0 100 [::]:9066 [::]:* users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=82))
LISTEN 0 50 [::]:44523 [::]:* users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=66))
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* users:(("rpcbind",pid=708,fd=6),("systemd",pid=1,fd=58))
LISTEN 0 50 [::]:39636 [::]:* users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=64))
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* users:(("sshd",pid=1127,fd=4))
#查看日志，确定成功，可能需要等一会儿才能看到成功的提示
[root@centos27 ~]# tail -f /app/mycat/logs/wrapper.log
STATUS | wrapper | 2021/04/18 16:38:10 | --> Wrapper Started as Daemon
STATUS | wrapper | 2021/04/18 16:38:10 | Launching a JVM...
INFO | jvm 1 | 2021/04/18 16:38:10 | Wrapper (Version 3.2.3) http://wrapper.tanukisoftware.org
INFO | jvm 1 | 2021/04/18 16:38:10 | Copyright 1999-2006 Tanuki Software, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
INFO | jvm 1 | 2021/04/18 16:38:10 |
INFO | jvm 1 | 2021/04/18 16:38:12 | MyCAT Server startup successfully. see logs in logs/mycat.log
#用默认密码123456来连接mycat
[root@centos27 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.27 -P8066
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type help; or \\h for help. Type \\c to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| TESTDB |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use TESTDB
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables in TESTDB |
+------------------+
| address |
| travelrecord |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from travelrecord;
ERROR 1105 (HY000): backend connect: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid DataSource:03.4、在mycat服务器上修改server.xml文件配置mycat的连接信息
```html/xml
[root@centos27 ~]# vim /app/mycat/conf/server.xml
<user name="root" defaultAccount="true">
<property name="password">Root123!</property>
<property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
<property name="defaultSchema">TESTDB</property>
</user>
3.5、修改schema.xml实现读写分离策略
```html/xml
[root@centos27 ~]# vim /app/mycat/conf/schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"></schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="mycat" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"
slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="host1" url="10.0.0.152:3306" user="root"
password="Root123!">
<readHost host="host2" url="10.0.0.153:3306" user="root"
password="Root123!" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
#重启mycat
[root@centos27 ~]# mycat restart3.6、在后端主服务器创建用户并对mycat授权
```html/xml
[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p < mycat.sql
[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql>GRANT ALL ON . TO root@10.0.0.% IDENTIFIED BY Root123! WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> flush privileges;
3.7、在mycat服务器上连接并测试
```html/xml
[root@centos27 ~]# mysql -uroot -pRoot123! -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -DTESTDB
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| TESTDB | #只能看到一个虚拟数据库
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use TESTDB
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_mycat |
+-----------------+
| classes |
| coc |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| teachers |
| toc |
+-----------------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| TESTDB |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use TESTDB
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_mycat |
+-----------------+
| classes |
| coc |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| teachers |
| toc |
+-----------------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 2 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| centos17 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
3.8、通过通用日志确认实现读写分离
```html/xml
mysql> show variables like general_log;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| general_log | OFF |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global general_log=on;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like general_log_file;
+------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| general_log_file | /var/lib/mysql/centos7.log |
+------------------+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在主和从服务器分别启用通用日志，查看读写分离
```html/xml
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
general_log=ON
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@centos7 ~]# tail -f /var/lib/mysql/centos7.log
[root@centos17 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
general_log=ON
[root@centos17 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@centos17 ~]# tail -f /var/lib/mysql/centos17.log 3.9、停止从节点，MyCAT自动调度读请求至主节点
```html/xml
#主节点停止前
[root@centos27 ~]# mysql -uroot -pRoot123! -h127.0.0.1 -P8066
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 2 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| centos17 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#停止从节点后
[root@centos17 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 1 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| centos7 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
##### 4、ansible常用模块介绍
###### ping 模块
ping模块尝尝用于检测网络是否通畅
```html/xml
ansible -i hosts all -m pinggroup 模块
group用户在目标机器上创建/删除用户组
```html/xml
#创建用户组
ansible -i hosts bigops -m group -a "gid=3000 name=algroup state=present system=no" -b
#参数解释
gid：指定组gid号，如果不指定，默认在主机上向后延伸gid号
name：指定组名称
state：指定组状态，值可以为 absent：删除用户组， present：创建用户组，默认为 present
system：是否为系统组，值为 yes 或 no，gid=3000，也就证明不是系统组了，system值默认也为 no
#在目标主机上查看我们创建的组
ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a "cat /etc/group | grep algroup" -b
192.168.31.225 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
algroup:x:3000:
#删除用户组
ansible -i hosts bigops -m group -a "gid=3000 name=algroup state=absent system=no" -b
ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a "cat /etc/group | tail -1" -b #再去查看的时候发现用户组已被删除
192.168.31.225 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
###### user 模块
user模块用户在目标主机上创建/删除用户
```html/xml
#创建用户组
ansible -i hosts bigops -m group -a "name=ansible gid=1038 state=present system=no" -b
#创建用户
ansible -i hosts bigops -m user -a "name=ansible password=123456 create_home=yes home=/home/ansible group=ansible groups=root shell=/bin/bash uid=1024 state=present move_home=yes generate_ssh_key=yes" -b
#参数解释
name=ansible：指定用户名称
password=123456：指定用户密码
create_home=yes：是否创建家目录
home=/home/ansible：指定家目录位置
group=ansible：指定基本组（此基本组必须存在）
groups=root：指定附加组
shell=/bin/bash：指定用户登录shell环境
uid=1024：指定用户uid
state=present：指定用户状态, present为创建,absent为删除
move_home=yes：假如此用户已经存在，yes为覆盖家目录，no为创建为此用户创建另外一个家目录，两个家目录通过uid区分
generate_ssh_key=yes：创建用户的同时是否为此用户创建ssh密钥文件
#查看创建的用户
ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a "id ansible"
192.168.31.225 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1024(ansible) gid=1038(ansible) groups=1038(ansible),0(root)
#删除用户
ansible -i hosts bigops -m user -a "name=ansible state=absent remove=yes" -b
#参数解释
state=absent：删除用户
remove=yes：删除此用户关联的家目录copy 模块
copy模块用户将文件拷贝到目标主机上
```html/xml
#方法一
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a "src=/home/ansible/hosts dest=/tmp/file_text mode=777"
#参数解释：
src=指定本地源文件
dest=指定要复制到目标路径，我这里把原文件hosts修改为了file_text
mode=指定复制后的文件权限为777
#方法二
将/home/ansible/下的所有文件复制到目标主机的/tmp/目录下
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a "src=/home/ansible/ dest=/tmp/"
#方法三
将/home目录复制到目标主机的/tmp目录下,注意/home后面没有 "/",如果后面加了 "/"则把home下的所有文件复制过去，而不是 home 目录
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a "src=/home dest=/tmp/"
#方法四
使用content来生成我们要复制到目标的文件内容
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a "content=abcops opsblogs\\nMy abcops\\n dest=/tmp/ops.txt"
查看文件内容
cat ops.txt
abcops opsblogs
My abcops
#方法五
复制到目的地址的文件直接修改权限及属性信息
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a "content=abcops opsblogs\\nMy abcops\\n dest=/tmp/ops.txt owner=micvs group=micvs mode=750"
owner=micvs：将ops.txt的属主修改为micvs
gorup=micvs：将ops.txt的属组修改为micvs
mode=750:将ops.txt的权限修改为750
###### fetch 模块
fetch模块主要作为为将远程主机文件复制到本地
```html/xml
ansible -i hosts bule_cmdb -m fetch -a "src=/root/anaconda-ks.cfg dest=/tmp/" -b
#参数解释
src=/root/anaconda-ks.cfg：为远程主机文件
dest=/tmp/：本地目录
#在本地/tmp目录中是以IP地址区分各个主机的文件command 模块
command模块主要是可以直接执行命令,command本身执行不使用shell来解析命令，所有输出的命令将作为原始命令输出
```html/xml
#方法一
ansible -i hosts bigops -m command -a "chdir=/usr/local/src pwd"
#参数解释
chdir：切换到指定目录
pwd：为我们常规命令列出当前所在目录
#方法二
[root@Jumpserver ansible]# ansible -i hosts bigops -m command -a "echo 123456 | passwd --stdin apper" -b
192.168.31.225 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
123456 | passwd --stdin apper
我们使用echo来把apper用户的密码改为123456，但是command模块却把我们的命令给echo输出到了界面，是因为command命令默认不识别shell，所以使用command命令无法完成具备shell类型的命令
###### shell 模块
shell模块比command模块功能强大，能完成command模块完成不了的任务，shell模块能够识别shell类型的命令
```html/xml
#chdir切换到/var/log/nginx目录，然后使用pwd命令显示当前目录
ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a "chdir=/var/log/nginx pwd"
#执行大于两个命令时，可使用分号 ; 来进行作为间隔符，直接使用cd命令也可以切换到相应的目录中，无需使用chdir
ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a "cd /var/log/nginx;pwd;ls;tail -2 /etc/passwd" -b
#使用shell模块，可直接创建用户，也就是无需使用 user 模块，shell模块可识别 echo 在线修改密码
ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a "useradd apper;echo 123456 | passwd --stdin apper" -b
192.168.31.225 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Changing password for user apper.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.file 模块
file模块主要为设定文件属性
```html/xml
#方法一
在目标主机/tmp/目录下创建ansible_dir空目录
ansible -i hosts bigops -m file -a "path=/tmp/ansible_dir state=directory"
#方法二
在目标主机/tmp/ansible_dir/目录下创建ansible_txt空文件
ansible -i hosts bigops -m file -a "path=/tmp/ansible_dir/ansible_txt state=file"
但是使用file来创建空文件则报错，我们可以使用copy中的content来写入一个空文件，具体如下
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a "content= dest=/tmp/ansible_dir/ansible_txt"
#方法三
使用file模块来为目标主机创建符号链接
ansible -i hosts bigops -m file -a "src=/tmp/ansible_dir/ansible_txt path=/ansible_txt state=link" -b
源文件为/tmp/ansible_dir/ansible_txt，链接至/ansible_txt
###### cron 模块
cron模块主要是为目标主机来创建任务计划
```html/xml
#创建任务计划
ansible -i hosts bigops -m cron -a "minute=01 hour=00 day=* month=* weekday=* job=/sbin/ntpdate ntp2.aliyun.com;hwclock -w name=Clock synchronization user=micvs state=present"
#参数详解：
minute==分
hour==时
day==日
month==月
weekday==周
job=任务
name==任务计划名称
user==指定用户添加crontab
state=值为present，则添加任务计划，值为absent则删除任务计划
#查看定义的任务计划
[micvs@abcops_cmdb01 ~]$ crontab -l
#Ansible: Clock synchronization
01 00 * * * /sbin/ntpdate ntp2.aliyun.com;hwclock -w
#删除任务计划
删除任务计划必须要指定任务计划名称，方可删除，否则删除失败
ansible -i hosts bigops -m cron -a "name=Clock synchronization state=absent user=micvs"
删除用户为micvs的名称为Clock synchronization的任务计划yum 模块
yum模块主要是在目标主机上进行yum软件安装/卸载等操作
```html/xml
ansible -i hosts bigops -m yum -a name=htop state=latest disable_gpg_check=yes -b
ansible -i hosts bigops -m yum -a name=httpd state=latest disable_gpg_check=yes -b
#参数解释
name：安装软件的名称
conf_file：指定远程主机yum源位置
state：安装状态，值如下
latest 如果安装的软件存在则进行更新，如果不存在则安装最新版
present 如果安装的软件存在则不进行安装，如果不存在则安装
install 正常安装
absent 删除软件包
removed 卸载软件包
disable_gpg_check：关闭gpg_check
disablerepo：禁用某个yum源
enablerepo：启用某个yum仓库
###### service 模块
service模块主要用于管理linux主机上的服务
```html/xml
#启动目标主机上的httpd服务，是通过service启动的，在CentOS7上不可用
ansible -i hosts bigops -m yum -a "name=httpd state=startd enable=yes" -b
#参数解释：
name：指定服务名称
state：对当前服务执行启动，停止、重启、重新加载等操作（started,stopped,restarted,reloaded）
enable：是否开机启动 yes|no以上是关于mysql实验&ansible常用模块的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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