第十五节:SpringBoot使用JPA访问数据库
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pom.xml中添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
application.properties 配置
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/rumenz_springboot
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root1234
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.sql.init.mode=always
spring.sql.init.schema-locations=classpath:/ddl/user-book.sql
spring.sql.init.data-locations=classpath:/ddl/user-book-data.sql
属性值 | 作用 |
---|---|
create | 每次加载hibernate时都会删除上一次的生成的表,然后根据你的model类再重新来生成新表,哪怕两次没有任何改变也要这样执行,这就是导致数据库表数据丢失的一个重要原因。 |
create-drop | 每次加载hibernate时根据model类生成表,但是sessionFactory一关闭,表就自动删除。 |
update | 最常用的属性,第一次加载hibernate时根据model类会自动建立起表的结构(前提是先建立好数据库),以后加载hibernate时根据 model类自动更新表结构,即使表结构改变了但表中的行仍然存在不会删除以前的行。要注意的是当部署到服务器后,表结构是不会被马上建立起来的,是要等应用第一次运行起来后才会。 |
validate | 每次加载hibernate时,验证创建数据库表结构,只会和数据库中的表进行比较,不会创建新表,但是会插入新值。 |
属性值 | 作用 |
---|---|
ALWAYS | 始终初始化数据库。 |
EMBEDDED | 仅初始化嵌入式数据库。 |
NEVER | 永远不要初始化数据库。 |
- spring.sql.init.schema-locations 指定建表的sql文件
- spring.sql.init.data-locations指定数据sql文件
创建实体类
User.java
@Getter
@Setter
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@Entity //jpa必填
@DynamicInsert //填充默认值
@DynamicUpdate //填充默认值
@Table(name = "user") //jpa必填
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User
@Id //jpa必填
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) //jpa必填
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String domain;
@Column(name = "age",columnDefinition = "tinyint default 0")
private Integer age;
- TABLE:使用一个特定的数据库表格来保存主键。
- SEQUENCE:根据底层数据库的序列来生成主键,条件是数据库支持序列。
- IDENTITY:主键由数据库自动生成(主要是自动增长型)
- AUTO:主键由程序控制。
创建repository
package com.rumenz.lession15.controller.repository;
import com.rumenz.lession15.controller.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
/**
* @className: UserRepository
* @description: TODO 类描述
* @author: 入门小站 rumenz.com
* @date: 2021/12/14
**/
@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<User,Integer>
Optional<User> findById(Integer id);
List<User> findDistinctUserByName(String name);
Integer countUserByName(String name);
List<User> readDistinctByName(String name);
Page<User> findAllByName(String name, Pageable pageable);
interface RumenzRepository extends JpaRepository<Rumenz, Long>
List<Rumenz> findByEmailAddressAndLastname(EmailAddress emailAddress, String lastname);
// 为查询启用 distinct 标志
List<Rumenz> findDistinctPeopleByLastnameOrFirstname(String lastname, String firstname);
List<Rumenz> findPeopleDistinctByLastnameOrFirstname(String lastname, String firstname);
// 为单个属性启用忽略大小写
List<Rumenz> findByLastnameIgnoreCase(String lastname);
// 为所有属性启用忽略大小写
List<Rumenz> findByLastnameAndFirstnameAllIgnoreCase(String lastname, String firstname);
// 为查询启用静态 Order by
List<Rumenz> findByLastnameOrderByFirstnameAsc(String lastname);
List<Rumenz> findByLastnameOrderByFirstnameDesc(String lastname);
关键字 | 方法示例 | JPQL snippet |
---|---|---|
And | findByLastnameAndFirstname | … where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2 |
Or | findByLastnameOrFirstname | … where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2 |
Is, Equals | findByFirstname,findByFirstnameIs,findByFirstnameEquals | … where x.firstname = ?1 |
Between | findByStartDateBetween | … where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2 |
LessThan | findByAgeLessThan | … where x.age < ?1 |
LessThanEqual | findByAgeLessThanEqual | … where x.age <= ?1 |
GreaterThan | findByAgeGreaterThan | … where x.age > ?1 |
GreaterThanEqual | findByAgeGreaterThanEqual | … where x.age >= ?1 |
After | findByStartDateAfter | … where x.startDate > ?1 |
Before | findByStartDateBefore | … where x.startDate < ?1 |
IsNull, Null | findByAge(Is)Null | … where x.age is null |
IsNotNull, NotNull | findByAge(Is)NotNull | … where x.age not null |
Like | findByFirstnameLike | … where x.firstname like ?1 |
NotLike | findByFirstnameNotLike | … where x.firstname not like ?1 |
StartingWith | findByFirstnameStartingWith | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with appended %) |
EndingWith | findByFirstnameEndingWith | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with prepended %) |
Containing | findByFirstnameContaining | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound wrapped in %) |
OrderBy | findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc | … where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc |
Not | findByLastnameNot | … where x.lastname <> ?1 |
In | findByAgeIn(Collection ages) | … where x.age in ?1 |
NotIn | findByAgeNotIn(Collection ages) | … where x.age not in ?1 |
True | findByActiveTrue() | … where x.active = true |
False | findByActiveFalse() | … where x.active = false |
IgnoreCase | findByFirstnameIgnoreCase | … where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1) |
- CrudRepository提供CRUD的功能
- PagingAndSortingRepository提供分页和排序功能
- JpaRepository提供JPA相关的方法,如刷新持久化数据、批量删除等。
service
package com.rumenz.lession15.controller.service;
import com.rumenz.lession15.controller.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @className: UserService
* @description: TODO 类描述
* @author: 入门小站 rumenz.com
* @date: 2021/12/14
**/
public interface UserService
Integer save(User user);
User get(Integer id);
List<User> listByName(String name);
Integer countByName(String name);
List<User> readDistinctByName(String name);
Page<User> listByNamePage(String name, Integer page, Integer pageSize);
//实现类
package com.rumenz.lession15.controller.service.lmpl;
import com.rumenz.lession15.controller.entity.User;
import com.rumenz.lession15.controller.repository.UserRepository;
import com.rumenz.lession15.controller.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
/**
* @className: UserServiceImpl
* @description: TODO 类描述
* @author: 入门小站 rumenz.com
* @date: 2021/12/14
**/
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService
@Autowired
UserRepository userRepository;
@Override
public Integer save(User user)
User save = userRepository.save(user);
return save.getId();
@Override
public User get(Integer id)
Optional<User> opt = userRepository.findById(id);
return opt.isPresent()?opt.get():null;
@Override
public List<User> listByName(String name)
List<User> res = userRepository.findDistinctUserByName(name);
return res;
@Override
public Integer countByName(String name)
return userRepository.countUserByName(name);
@Override
public List<User> readDistinctByName(String name)
return userRepository.readDistinctByName(name);
@Override
public Page<User> listByNamePage(String name, Integer page, Integer pageSize)
Sort sort = Sort.by("id").descending();
Pageable pageable= PageRequest.of(page-1, pageSize, sort);
Page<User> res = userRepository.findAllByName(name, pageable);
return res;
Controller
package com.rumenz.lession15.controller;
import com.rumenz.lession15.controller.entity.User;
import com.rumenz.lession15.controller.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @className: RumenzController
* @description: TODO 类描述
* @author: 入门小站 rumenz.com
* @date: 2021/12/14
**/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/rumenz")
public class RumenzController
@Autowired
UserService userService;
//保存数据
//id=1的数据不存在就添加
//id=1的数据存在就更新
@RequestMapping("/save")
public String save()
User user=User.builder().id(1).name("入门小站123").domain("https://rumenz.com").build();
Integer save = userService.save(user);
return save.toString();
//通过id查询数据
@GetMapping("/get")
public User get(@RequestParam("id") Integer id)
return userService.get(id);
//带条件查询
@GetMapping("/listByName")
public List<User> get(@RequestParam("name") String name)
return userService.listByName(name);
//按条件查询符合条件的数量
@GetMapping("/countByName")
public Integer countByName(@RequestParam("name") String name)
return userService.countByName(name);
//带条件查询
@GetMapping("/readDistinctByName")
public List<User> readDistinctByName(@RequestParam("name") String name)
return userService.readDistinctByName(name);
//分页查询
//带条件查询
@GetMapping("/listByNamePage")
public Page<User> listByNamePage(@RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("page") Integer page, @RequestParam("pageSize") Integer pageSize)
return userService.listByNamePage(name,page,pageSize);
- GitHub:https://github.com/mifunc/springboot/tree/main/lession15
- Gitee:https://gitee.com/rumenz/springboot/tree/master/lession15
- https://rumenz.com/rumenbiji/springboot-jpa-base.html
- 我的博客 https://rumenz.com/ ,
- 我的工具箱 https://tooltt.com/
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