12-docker系列-docker之compose如何上手使用

Posted 2022-02-20 公号运维家

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​​主旨​​

上文已经介绍了compose的安装以及相关命令，那么本文我们就开始详细的说下具体该如何使用呢，compose的配置文件又该如何去写呢？往下看。

​​环境​​

linux环境
docker环境
docker-compose环境

​​举栗子​​

​PS：推荐执行docker-compose的时候，要切换到docker-compose.yml配置文件同目录下执行。​

​1、使用docker-compose管理多个容器​

[yunweijia@localhost ~]$ mkdir -pv docker/compose/test01
mkdir: 已创建目录 "docker/compose"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "docker/compose/test01"
[yunweijia@localhost ~]$ cd docker/compose/test01/
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ touch docker-compose.yml
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ vim docker-compose.yml 
version: 2
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
  redis:
    image: redis:latest
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$

上面的例子的意思是同时管理redis和nginx镜像，我们启动它，如下：

[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose up -d
Creating network "test01_default" with the default driver
Creating test01_redis_1 ... done
Creating test01_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose ps
     Name                   Command               State    Ports  
------------------------------------------------------------------
test01_nginx_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up      80/tcp  
test01_redis_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up      6379/tcp
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$

关闭他，如下：

[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose stop
Stopping test01_redis_1 ... done
Stopping test01_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose ps
     Name                   Command               State    Ports
----------------------------------------------------------------
test01_nginx_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Exit 0        
test01_redis_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Exit 0        
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$

停止之后，再次查看的时候，发现state已经变成了exit，然后我们删除它，防止影响到我们接下来做的实验；

[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose rm
Going to remove test01_redis_1, test01_nginx_1
Are you sure? [yN] y
Removing test01_redis_1 ... done
Removing test01_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose ps
Name   Command   State   Ports
------------------------------
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$

​2、使用docker-compose做端口映射​

语法：
  ports：
  - “宿主机端口:容器端口”    # 同样的，宿主机端口可以不等于容器端口
实例：
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ mkdir -pv /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test02
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test02"
[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ cd /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test02/
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ touch docker-compose.yml
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ vim docker-compose.yml 
version: 2
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
    - "80:80"
  redis:
    image: redis:latest
    ports:
    - "6379:6379"
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$

上面的意思是在第一个例子的前提上，将端口号映射到宿主机上，方便我们使用，下面我们启用并验证他；

[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo docker-compose up -d
Starting test02_redis_1 ... done
Starting test02_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo docker-compose ps
     Name                   Command               State                    Ports                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test02_nginx_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp,:::80->80/tcp        
test02_redis_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up      0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp,:::6379->6379/tcp
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ 
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
success
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=6379/tcp --permanent
success
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
success
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$

浏览器访问验证nginx：

redis同理，就不进行验证了；然后我们停止并删除这两个容器，以防对我们接下来的内容有影响；

[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo docker-compose stop
Stopping test02_nginx_1 ... done
Stopping test02_redis_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo docker-compose rm
Going to remove test02_nginx_1, test02_redis_1
Are you sure? [yN] y
Removing test02_nginx_1 ... done
Removing test02_redis_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo docker-compose ps
Name   Command   State   Ports
------------------------------
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$

​3、使用docker-compose设置网络模式​

语法：
  network_mode: "模式"
实例：
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ mkdir -pv /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test03
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test03"
[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ cd /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test03/
[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ touch docker-compose.yml
[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ vim docker-compose.yml
version: 2
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    network_mode: "host"
  redis:
    image: redis:latest
    network_mode: "none"
[yunweijia@localhost test03]$

以上redis使用的是null网络模式，nginx使用的是host网络模式，这两种模式如果忘记具体是什么意思的话，可以翻看往期内容，下面我们来启动验证他：

[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ sudo docker-compose up -d
Creating test03_nginx_1 ... done
Creating test03_redis_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ sudo docker-compose ps
     Name                   Command               State   Ports
---------------------------------------------------------------
test03_nginx_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up           
test03_redis_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up           
[yunweijia@localhost test03]$

由于redis是null模式，所以无法访问到，那么我们直接访问nginx进行验证试一下（PS：80端口的防火墙，在第二个例子中就已经放开了，此处略过此步骤）：

我们停止并删除这两个容器，以防对下面实验有影响：

[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ sudo docker-compose stop
Stopping test03_redis_1 ... done
Stopping test03_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ sudo docker-compose rm
Going to remove test03_redis_1, test03_nginx_1
Are you sure? [yN] y
Removing test03_redis_1 ... done
Removing test03_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test03]$

​4、使用docker-compose设置文件共享​

[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ mkdir -pv /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test04
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test04"
[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ cd !$
cd /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test04
[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ mkdir logs
[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ touch docker-compose.yml
[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ vim docker-compose.yml
version: 2
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    volumes:
    - /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test04/logs:/var/log/nginx
    network_mode: "host"
  redis:
    image: redis:latest
[yunweijia@localhost test04]$

以上例子是将nginx的日志，放置到了宿主机，我们启动验证他：

[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ sudo docker-compose up -d
Creating test04_redis_1 ... done
Creating test04_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ sudo docker-compose ps
     Name                   Command               State    Ports  
------------------------------------------------------------------
test04_nginx_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up              
test04_redis_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up      6379/tcp
[yunweijia@localhost test04]$

浏览器访问几次：

看下日志文件是否共享出来了：

[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ cd logs/
[yunweijia@localhost logs]$ ls
access.log  error.log
[yunweijia@localhost logs]$ cat access.log 
192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (Khtml, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"
192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"
192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"
192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"
192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"
192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:17 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"
[yunweijia@localhost logs]$

我们停止并删除这两个容器，以防对下面实验有影响：

[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ sudo docker-compose stop
Stopping test04_redis_1 ... done
Stopping test04_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ sudo docker-compose rm
yGoing to remove test04_redis_1, test04_nginx_1
Are you sure? [yN] 
Removing test04_redis_1 ... done
Removing test04_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test04]$

​5、如果相同的镜像和环境，想启动多个容器​

[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ mkdir -pv /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test05
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test05"
[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ cd !$
cd /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test05
[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ touch docker-compose.yml
[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ vim docker-compose.yml 
version: 2
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
  redis:
    image: redis:latest
[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ sudo docker-compose up -d --scale nginx=3
Creating network "test05_default" with the default driver
Creating test05_nginx_1 ... done
Creating test05_nginx_2 ... done
Creating test05_nginx_3 ... done
Creating test05_redis_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test05]$

以上示例中，我们将启动了3个nginx镜像，但是redis不受影响，还是一个，如果我们想进入启动了多个的nginx容器中，需要指定容器ID，如下：

[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ sudo docker-compose exec --index=2 nginx bash
root@f50418f6d919:/# exit
exit
[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ sudo docker-compose exec --index=1 nginx bash
root@23e004cc5330:/# exit
exit
[yunweijia@localhost test05]$

停止并删除这4个容器，如下：

[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ sudo docker-compose stop
Stopping test05_nginx_3 ... done
Stopping test05_nginx_2 ... done
Stopping test05_redis_1 ... done
Stopping test05_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ sudo docker-compose rm
Going to remove test05_nginx_3, test05_nginx_2, test05_redis_1, test05_nginx_1
Are you sure? [yN] y
Removing test05_nginx_3 ... done
Removing test05_nginx_2 ... done
Removing test05_redis_1 ... done
Removing test05_nginx_1 ... done
[yunweijia@localhost test05]$

至此，docker-compose的介绍结束，当然了，远远不止这些参数，也不止如此的简单，这里只是把经常用的列出来了，要深入研究还是要查看官网，这里负责让你入门。

下来我们将写下harbor仓库如何搭建以及如何使用，各位老板有什么问题欢迎后台留言。