DBUtils使用详解 #yyds干货盘点#
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DBUtils
简介
DBUtils是Java编程中的数据库操作实用工具,小巧简单实用。DBUtils封装了对JDBC的操作,简化了JDBC操作,可以减少60%以上的代码。
DBUtils三个核心功能介绍
- QueryRunner:核心类提供对sql语句操作的API
- QueryRunner(DataSourcr ds):提供数据源(连接池),DbUtils底层自动维护连接connection
- update(String sql,Obj...params):执行更新操作
- query(String sql,ResultSetHandler<T>rsh,Object...panrams):执行查询操作
- ResultSetHandler:结果集处理类,用于定义select操作后,怎样封装结果集
- ArrayHandler:把查询结果集中的第一行数据放到一个数组中。适合取1条记录。
- ArrayListHandler:将查询的结果的每一行数据都放到一个数组中,然后再将数组放到集合List中。适合取多条记录。
- BeanHandler:将结果集中的第一行数据封装到一个对应的JavaBean实例中
- BeanListHandler:将结果集中的每一行数据都封装到一个对应的JavaBean实例中,然后再将这些对象存放到List里。
- MapHandler:将结果集中的第一行数据封装到一个Map里,key是列名,value就是对应的值。
- MapListHandler:将查询的结果的每一行存入到一个map中,键为列名,值为各列值;然后再将map存入list中
- ColumnListHandler:将结果集中某一列的数据存放到List中。
- KeyedHandler(name):将结果集中的每一行数据都封装到一个Map里(List<Map>),再把这些map再存到一个map里,其key为指定的列。
- ScalarHandler:将结果集第一行的某一列放到某个对象中。//重点
- DBUtils:工具类,定义了关闭资源与事务处理的方法。
示例:采用Druid和dbutils实现对Dept的CRUD
- 第一步:Dept.java:<a rel="nofollow" href="https://blog.csdn.net/lianghecai52171314/article/details/101469279">Dept源代码</a>
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第二步:新建项目,加入Maven依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId> <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId> <version>1.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.1.17</version> </dependency>
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第二步:在resources目录下创建mysql.properties,代码如下:
driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC&user=root&password=&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false username=root password=root filters=stat initialSize=2 maxActive=300 maxWait=60000 timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000 minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000 validationQuery=SELECT 1 testWhileIdle=true testOnBorrow=false testOnReturn=false poolPreparedStatements=false maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=200
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第三步:创建数据库连接工具类:
public class DBUtil private static final ThreadLocal<Connection> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>(); private static DataSource dataSource = null; private DBUtil() static //配置文件加载,只执行一次 try (InputStream is = DBUtil.class.getResourceAsStream("/mysql.properties");) Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.load(is); dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties); catch (Exception e1) throw new RuntimeException("读取配置文件异常", e1); public static Connection getConnection() //获取连接 Connection conn = null; try conn = threadLocal.get(); //从当前线程获得 conn if (conn == null || conn.isClosed()) conn = dataSource.getConnection(); threadLocal.set(conn); catch (Exception e) throw new RuntimeException("连接数据库异常", e); return conn; public static QueryRunner getQueryRunner() return new QueryRunner(dataSource); public static void release(Connection conn) try // 建议采用这种形式来释放资源,因为finally里面的一定会被释放 if (conn != null) conn.close(); catch (SQLException e) e.printStackTrace();
- 第四步:测试事务
public static void main(String[] args) Connection conn = getConnection(); try conn.setAutoCommit(false); // 设置事务提交为手动 String sql = "insert into tb_dept (dname,loc) values(?,?)"; QueryRunner queryRunner = getQueryRunner(); queryRunner.update(conn, sql, "aa", "aaaaa"); System.out.println(3 / 0); queryRunner.update(sql, "bb", "bbbbbbbbbb"); conn.commit(); catch (SQLException e) e.printStackTrace(); try conn.rollback(); catch (SQLException ex) ex.printStackTrace(); finally release(conn);
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第五步:DeptDaoImpl.java
public class DeptDaoImpl private QueryRunner queryRunner = DBUtil.getQueryRunner(); public int insertDept(Dept dept) throws SQLException String sql = "insert into tb_dept (deptno, dname, loc) values (?, ?, ?)"; return queryRunner.update(sql, dept.getDeptno(), dept.getDname(), dept.getLoc()); public int batchInsertDept(List<Dept> deptList) throws SQLException Object[][] params = new Object[deptList.size()][3]; for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) Dept dept = deptList.get(i); params[i][0] = dept.getDeptno(); params[i][1] = dept.getDname(); params[i][2] = dept.getLoc(); StringBuilder wenHao = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < params[0].length; i++) wenHao.append("?,"); String sql = "insert into tb_dept values(" + wenHao.deleteCharAt(wenHao.length() - 1) + ")"; queryRunner.batch(sql, params); return 1; // 如果不抛出异常,就返回1,表示删除成功 public int deleteDeptByDeptno(Byte deptno) throws SQLException String sql = "delete from tb_dept where deptno = ?"; return queryRunner.update(sql, deptno); public int deleteDeptByCondition(Dept dept) throws SQLException List<Object> paramValueList = new ArrayList<>(); StringBuffer paramBuf = new StringBuffer("1=1 "); if (dept.getDeptno() != null) paramBuf.append("and deptno= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getDeptno()); if (dept.getDname() != null) paramBuf.append("and dname= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getDname()); if (dept.getLoc() != null) paramBuf.append("and loc= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getLoc()); String sql = "delete from tb_dept where " + paramBuf.substring(0, paramBuf.length() - 3); return queryRunner.update(sql, paramValueList.toArray()); public int batchDeleteDeptByDeptnos(String deptnos) throws SQLException String[] split = deptnos.split(","); Object[][] params = new Object[1][]; StringBuilder wenHao = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < split.length; i++) wenHao.append("?,"); params[0] = split; String sql = "delete from tb_dept where deptno in (" + wenHao.deleteCharAt(wenHao.length() - 1) + ")"; queryRunner.batch(sql, params); return 1; // 如果不抛出异常,就返回1,表示删除成功 public int updateDept(Dept dept) throws SQLException String sql = "update tb_dept set dname= ? ,loc= ? where deptno = ?"; return queryRunner.update(sql, dept.getDname(), dept.getLoc(), dept.getDeptno()); public long selectCount() throws SQLException String sql = "select count(*) from tb_dept"; // ScalarHandler:将查询的结果的第一行的某一列放到一个对象中;精确定位到某个值 Long query = queryRunner.query(sql, new ScalarHandler<Long>()); return query.intValue(); public long selectCountByCondition(Dept dept) throws SQLException List<Object> paramValueList = new ArrayList<>(); StringBuffer paramBuf = new StringBuffer("1=1 "); if (dept.getDeptno() != null) paramBuf.append("and deptno= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getDeptno()); if (dept.getDname() != null) paramBuf.append("and dname= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getDname()); if (dept.getLoc() != null) paramBuf.append("and loc= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getLoc()); String sql = "select count(*) from tb_dept where " + paramBuf.substring(0, paramBuf.length() - 3); Long query = queryRunner.query(sql, new ScalarHandler<Long>(), paramValueList.toArray()); return query.intValue(); public Dept selectDeptByDeptno(Byte deptno) throws SQLException String sql = "select deptno as deptno, dname as dname, loc as loc from tb_dept where deptno = ?"; return queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanHandler<>(Dept.class), deptno); public List<Dept> selectAllDept() throws SQLException String sql = "select deptno as deptno, dname as dname, loc as loc from tb_dept"; return queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<>(Dept.class)); public List<Dept> selectDeptByCondition(Dept dept) throws SQLException List<Object> paramValueList = new ArrayList<>(); StringBuffer paramBuf = new StringBuffer("1=1 "); if (dept.getDeptno() != null) paramBuf.append("and deptno= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getDeptno()); if (dept.getDname() != null) paramBuf.append("and dname= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getDname()); if (dept.getLoc() != null) paramBuf.append("and loc= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getLoc()); String sql = "select deptno as deptno, dname as dname, loc as loc from tb_dept where " + paramBuf.substring(0, paramBuf.length() - 3); return queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<>(Dept.class), paramValueList.toArray()); public List<Dept> selectDeptWithPagination(int page, int rows) throws SQLException String sql = "select deptno as deptno, dname as dname, loc as loc from tb_dept limit ?, ?"; return queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<>(Dept.class), (page - 1) * rows, rows); public List<Dept> selectDeptWithPaginationByCondition(int page, int rows, Dept dept) throws SQLException List<Object> paramValueList = new ArrayList<>(); StringBuffer paramBuf = new StringBuffer("1=1 "); if (dept.getDeptno() != null) paramBuf.append("and deptno= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getDeptno()); if (dept.getDname() != null) paramBuf.append("and dname= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getDname()); if (dept.getLoc() != null) paramBuf.append("and loc= ? "); paramValueList.add(dept.getLoc()); String sql = "select deptno as deptno, dname as dname, loc as loc from tb_dept where " + paramBuf.substring(0, paramBuf.length() - 3) + " limit ?, ?"; paramValueList.add((page - 1) * rows); paramValueList.add(rows); return queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<>(Dept.class), paramValueList.toArray());
动态SQL与静态SQL
SQL 语句从编译和运行的角度可以分为静态 SQL和 动态 SQL,所谓SQL的动态和静态,是指SQL语句在何时被编译和执行。
这两种 SQL 在使用方式、运行机制和性能表现等方面各有特点 :
- 静态 SQL:静态 SQL 语句一般用于嵌入式 SQL 应用中,在程序运行前,SQL 语句在编程时候必须是确定好的,例如 SQL 语句中涉及的列名和表名必须是存在的。静态 SQL 语句的编译是在应用程序运行前进行的,编译的结果会存储在数据库内部。而后程序运行时,数据库将直接执行编译好的 SQL 语句,降低运行时的开销。
- 动态 SQL:动态 SQL 语句是在应用程序运行时被编译和执行的,例如,使用 DB2 的交互式工具 CLP 访问数据库时,用户输入的 SQL 语句是不确定的,因此 SQL 语句只能被动态地编译。动态 SQL 的应用较多,常见的 CLI 和 JDBC 应用程序都使用动态 SQL。
静态sql的存取路径是在运行前就确定好的,而动态sql的存取路径是在运行时动态生成的。
注意:在SQL中如果某些参数没有确定,如"select * from t1 where c1>? and c2<?",这种语句是静态SQL,不是动态SQL,虽然个别参数的值不知道,但整个SQL的结构已经确定,数据库是可以将它编译的,在执行阶段只需将个别参数的值补充进来即可。
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