第十七周

Posted 2022-02-02 冯永庆的博客

1、nginx负载均衡中常见的算法及原理有哪些？

轮询（默认）
每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器，如果后端服务器down掉，能自动剔除。
upstream backserver
server 192.168.0.14;
server 192.168.0.15;

指定权重
指定轮询几率，weight和访问比率成正比，用于后端服务器性能不均的情况。
upstream backserver
server 192.168.0.14 weight=8;
server 192.168.0.15 weight=10;

IP绑定 ip_hash
每个请求按访问ip的hash结果分配，这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器，可以解决session的问题。
upstream backserver
ip_hash;
server 192.168.0.14:88;
server 192.168.0.15:80;

fair（第三方）
按后端服务器的响应时间来分配请求，响应时间短的优先分配。
upstream backserver
server server1;
server server2;
fair;

5、url_hash（第三方）
按访问url的hash结果来分配请求，使每个url定向到同一个后端服务器，后端服务器为缓存时比较有效。
upstream backserver
server squid1:3128;
server squid2:3128;
hash $request_uri;
hash_method crc32;

2、使用rewrite规则实现将所有到a域名的访问rewrite到b域名

location /
root /data/nginx/html/pc
index index.html;
rewrite /http://www.b.com permanent;

3、实现反向代理客户端IP透传

vi /apps/nginx/conf/conf.d/pc.conf
upstream webserver
server 10.0.0.101:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3;
server 10.0.0.102:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3 backup;

server
listen 80;
server_name www.magedu.org;
location /
index index.html index.php
root /data/nginx/html/pc

location /web
index index.html;
proxy_pass http://webserver/;
proxy_ser_header x-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for ;

4、用LNMP实现wordpress站点搭建

1、安装数据库
yum -y install mariadb-server
mysql_secure_installation
2、创建用户并授权
create database wordpress;
create user wordpress@192.168.253.% identified by 123456
grant all on wordpress.* to wordpress@192.168.253.%;
3、安装PHP
yum -y install php
yum -y install php-fpm
systemctl restart --now php-fpm.service
[root@localhost sbin]# grep ^[^;] /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[www]
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
user = www
group = www
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35

slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log

php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php-fpm/www-error.log
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
php_value[session.save_handler] = files
php_value[session.save_path] = /var/lib/php/session
ping.path = /ping
pm.status_path = /pm_status
4、安装nginx
yum -y install gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel

[root@localhost src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
--2022-02-01 04:29:26-- http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 52.58.199.22, 3.125.197.172, 2a05:d014:edb:5704::6, ...
Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|52.58.199.22|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: http://183.207.33.41:9011/nginx.org/c3pr90ntc0td/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz [following]
--2022-02-01 04:29:26-- http://183.207.33.41:9011/nginx.org/c3pr90ntc0td/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
Connecting to 183.207.33.41:9011... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1039530 (1015K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz’

100%[====================================================================================================================>] 1,039,530 5.43MB/s in 0.2s

2022-02-01 04:29:27 (5.43 MB/s) - ‘nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz’ saved [1039530/1039530]

[root@localhost src]# tar xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd nginx-1.18.0/
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ls
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx \\

make && make install

server
listen 80;
server_name www.magedu.org;
root /data/nginx/wordpress;
#charset koi8-r;

    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

    location / 
        root   /data/nginx/wordpress;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html 
        root   html;
    

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \\.php$ 
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \\.php$ 
        root           /data/nginx/wordpress;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    

    #location ~ \\.php$ 
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \\.php$ 
        root           /data/nginx/wordpress;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apaches document root
    # concurs with nginxs one
    #
    location ~ ^/(ping|pm_status)$ 
       include fastcgi_params;
       fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
       fastcgi_param  PATH_TRANSLATED  /document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    

5、部署wordpress

wget https://wordpress.org/wordpress-5.4.2.tar.gz
cd /data/nginx/wordpress
tar xf https://wordpress.org/wordpress-5.4.2.tar.gz

define( DB_NAME, wordpress );

/* MySQL database username /
define( DB_USER, wordpress );

/* MySQL database password /
define( DB_PASSWORD, 123456 );

/* MySQL hostname /
define( DB_HOST, localhost );