《OpenGL 超级宝典（Super Bible）第五版》 有关 PBO 的 Example

Posted 2021-12-22 ShaderJoy

代码即关键注释如下：

static GLfloat vGreen[] =  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ;
static GLfloat vWhite[] =  1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ;
static GLfloat vLightPos[] =  0.0f, 3.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ;
GLsizei  screenWidth;           // Desired window or desktop width
GLsizei  screenHeight;          // Desired window or desktop height
GLboolean bFullScreen;          // Request to run full screen
GLboolean bAnimated;            // Request for continual updates
GLShaderManager     shaderManager;          // Shader Manager
GLMatrixStack               modelViewMatrix;        // Modelview Matrix
GLMatrixStack               projectionMatrix;       // Projection Matrix
M3DMatrix44f                orthoMatrix;
GLFrustum                   viewFrustum;                // View Frustum
GLGeometryTransform transformPipeline;      // Geometry Transform Pipeline
GLFrame                     cameraFrame;                // Camera frame
GLTriangleBatch         torusBatch;
GLBatch                     floorBatch;
GLBatch                     screenQuad;
GLuint                          textures[1];
GLuint                          blurTextures[6];
GLuint                          pixBuffObjs[1];
GLuint                          curBlurTarget;
bool                                bUsePBOPath;
GLfloat                         speedFactor;
GLuint                          blurProg;
void                                *pixelData;
GLuint                          pixelDataSize;
//void MoveCamera(void);
void DrawWorld(GLfloat yRot, GLfloat xPos);
bool LoadBMPTexture(const char *szFileName, GLenum minFilter, GLenum magFilter, GLenum wrapMode);
void SetupBlurProg(void);
// returns 1 - 6 for blur texture units
// curPixBuf is always between 0 and 5
void AdvanceBlurTaget()

    curBlurTarget = ((curBlurTarget + 1) % 6);

GLuint GetBlurTarget0()

    return (1 + ((curBlurTarget + 5) % 6));

GLuint GetBlurTarget1()

    return (1 + ((curBlurTarget + 4) % 6));

GLuint GetBlurTarget2()

    return (1 + ((curBlurTarget + 3) % 6));

GLuint GetBlurTarget3()

    return (1 + ((curBlurTarget + 2) % 6));

GLuint GetBlurTarget4()

    return (1 + ((curBlurTarget + 1) % 6));

GLuint GetBlurTarget5()

    return (1 + ((curBlurTarget) % 6));

void UpdateFrameCount()

    static int iFrames = 0;                     // Frame count
    static CStopWatch frameTimer;     // Render time
    // Reset the stopwatch on first time
    if(iFrames == 0)
    
        frameTimer.Reset();
        iFrames++;
    
    // Increment the frame count
    iFrames++;
    // Do periodic frame rate calculation
    if (iFrames == 101)
    
        float fps;
        fps = 100.0f / frameTimer.GetElapsedSeconds();
        if (bUsePBOPath)
            printf("Pix_buffs - Using PBOs  %.1f fps\\n", fps);
        else
            printf("Pix_buffs - Using Client mem copies %.1f fps\\n", fps);
        frameTimer.Reset();
        iFrames = 1;
    

///
bool LoadBMPTexture(const char *szFileName, GLenum minFilter, GLenum magFilter, GLenum wrapMode)

    GLbyte *pBits;
    GLint iWidth, iHeight;
    pBits = gltReadBMPBits(szFileName, &iWidth, &iHeight);
    if(pBits == NULL)
        return false;
    // Set Wrap modes
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, wrapMode);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, wrapMode);
    // Do I need to generate mipmaps?
    if(minFilter == GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR || minFilter == GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST || minFilter == GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR || minFilter == GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST)
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP, GL_TRUE);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, minFilter);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, magFilter);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, iWidth, iHeight, 0, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pBits);
    return true;

///
void SetupRC(void)

    GLenum err = glewInit();
    if (GLEW_OK != err)
    
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\\n", glewGetErrorString(err));
    
    // Initialze Shader Manager
    shaderManager.InitializeStockShaders();
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    // Black
    glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    gltMakeTorus(torusBatch, 0.4f, 0.15f, 35, 35);
    GLfloat alpha = 0.25f;
    floorBatch.Begin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 4, 1);
    floorBatch.Color4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, alpha);
    floorBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    floorBatch.Normal3f(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    floorBatch.Vertex3f(-20.0f, -0.41f, 20.0f);
    floorBatch.Color4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, alpha);
    floorBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 10.0f, 0.0f);
    floorBatch.Normal3f(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    floorBatch.Vertex3f(20.0f, -0.41f, 20.0f);
    floorBatch.Color4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, alpha);
    floorBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 10.0f, 10.0f);
    floorBatch.Normal3f(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    floorBatch.Vertex3f(20.0f, -0.41f, -20.0f);
    floorBatch.Color4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, alpha);
    floorBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 0.0f, 10.0f);
    floorBatch.Normal3f(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    floorBatch.Vertex3f(-20.0f, -0.41f, -20.0f);
    floorBatch.End();
    glGenTextures(1, textures);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[0]);
    LoadBMPTexture("marble.bmp", GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR, GL_LINEAR, GL_REPEAT);
    // Create blur program
    blurProg =  gltLoadShaderPairWithAttributes("blur.vs", "blur.fs", 2,
                GLT_ATTRIBUTE_VERTEX, "vVertex", GLT_ATTRIBUTE_TEXTURE0, "texCoord0");
    // Create blur textures
    glGenTextures(6, blurTextures);
    // ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
    // Allocate a pixel buffer to initialize textures and PBOs
    // 计算 像素数据的字节数
    pixelDataSize = screenWidth * screenHeight * 3 * sizeof(unsigned int); // XXX This should be unsigned byte
    // 可以直接用 NULL 初始化 Texture
    //void *data = (void *)malloc(pixelDataSize);
    //memset(data, 0x00, pixelDataSize);
    // Setup 6 texture units for blur effect
    // Initialize texture data
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
    
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1 + i);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, blurTextures[i]);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, screenWidth, screenHeight, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL/*data*/);
    
    // Alloc space for copying pixels so we dont call malloc on every draw
    // 创建分配 PBO，并绑定为Pack Buffer，类型为GL_DYNAMIC_COPY
    glGenBuffers(1, pixBuffObjs);
    glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, pixBuffObjs[0]);
    glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, pixelDataSize, pixelData, GL_DYNAMIC_COPY);
    glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);
    // ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
    // Create geometry and a matrix for screen aligned drawing
    gltGenerateOrtho2DMat(screenWidth, screenHeight, orthoMatrix, screenQuad);
    // Make sure all went well
    gltCheckErrors();

///
void ShutdownRC(void)

    // Make sure default FBO is bound
    // 确保绑定默认的 FBO
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
    // Cleanup textures
    for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
    
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + i);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
    
    // Now delete detached textures
    glDeleteTextures(1, textures);
    glDeleteTextures(6, blurTextures);
    // delete PBO
    // ☆ 删除 PBO
    glDeleteBuffers(1, pixBuffObjs);

///
// is a resizeable window, then this will also get called whenever the window
// is resized.
void ChangeSize(int nWidth, int nHeight)

    glViewport(0, 0, nWidth, nHeight);
    transformPipeline.SetMatrixStacks(modelViewMatrix, projectionMatrix);
    viewFrustum.SetPerspective(35.0f, float(nWidth) / float(nHeight), 1.0f, 100.0f);
    projectionMatrix.LoadMatrix(viewFrustum.GetProjectionMatrix());
    modelViewMatrix.LoadIdentity();
    // update screen sizes
    screenWidth = nWidth;
    screenHeight = nHeight;
    // reset screen aligned quad
    gltGenerateOrtho2DMat(screenWidth, screenHeight, orthoMatrix, screenQuad);
    // ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
    free(pixelData);
    pixelDataSize = screenWidth * screenHeight * 3 * sizeof(unsigned int);
    pixelData = (void *)malloc(pixelDataSize);

    //  Resize PBOs
    // 如果窗口大小发生变化，则重新分配 PBO
    glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, pixBuffObjs[0]);
    glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, pixelDataSize, pixelData, GL_DYNAMIC_COPY);
    glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);
    // ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
    gltCheckErrors();

///
// Update the camera based on user input, toggle display modes
//
void ProccessKeys(unsigned char key, int x, int y)

    static CStopWatch cameraTimer;
    float fTime = cameraTimer.GetElapsedSeconds();
    float linear = fTime * 12.0f;
    cameraTimer.Reset();
    // Alternate between PBOs and local memory when P is pressed
    // 按 P键 切换 PBO和内存
    if(key == P || key == p)
        bUsePBOPath = (bUsePBOPath) ? GL_FALSE : GL_TRUE;
    // Speed up movement
    if(key == +)
    
        speedFactor += linear / 2;
        if(speedFactor > 6)
            speedFactor = 6;
    
    // Slow down moement
    if(key == -)
    
        speedFactor -= linear / 2;
        if(speedFactor < 0.5)
            speedFactor = 0.5;
    

///
// Load and setup program for blur effect
//
void SetupBlurProg(void)

    // Set the blur program as the current one
    glUseProgram(blurProg);
    // Set MVP matrix
    glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(blurProg, "mvpMatrix"), 1, GL_FALSE, transformPipeline.GetModelViewProjectionMatrix());
    // Setup the textue units for the blur targets, these rotate every frame
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(blurProg, "textureUnit0"), GetBlurTarget0());
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(blurProg, "textureUnit1"), GetBlurTarget1());
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(blurProg, "textureUnit2"), GetBlurTarget2());
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(blurProg, "textureUnit3"), GetBlurTarget3());
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(blurProg, "textureUnit4"), GetBlurTarget4());
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(blurProg, "textureUnit5"), GetBlurTarget5());

///
// Draw the scene
//
void DrawWorld(GLfloat yRot, GLfloat xPos)

    M3DMatrix44f mCamera;
    modelViewMatrix.GetMatrix(mCamera);
    // Need light position relative to the Camera
    M3DVector4f vLightTransformed;
    m3dTransformVector4(vLightTransformed, vLightPos, mCamera);
    // Draw stuff relative to the camera
    modelViewMatrix.PushMatrix();
    modelViewMatrix.Translate(0.0f, 0.2f, -2.5f);
    modelViewMatrix.Translate(xPos, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    modelViewMatrix.Rotate(yRot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_POINT_LIGHT_DIFF,
                                 modelViewMatrix.GetMatrix(),
                                 transformPipeline.GetProjectionMatrix(),
                                 vLightTransformed, vGreen, 0);
    torusBatch.Draw();
    modelViewMatrix.PopMatrix();

///
// flushes, etc.
void RenderScene(void)

    static CStopWatch animationTimer;
    static float totalTime = 6; // To go back and forth
    static float halfTotalTime = totalTime / 2;
    float seconds = animationTimer.GetElapsedSeconds() * speedFactor;
    float xPos = 0;
    // Calculate the next postion of the moving object
    // First perform a mod-like operation on the time as a float
    while(seconds > totalTime)
        seconds -= totalTime;
    // Move object position, if its gone half way across
    // start bringing it back
    if(seconds < halfTotalTime)
        xPos = seconds - halfTotalTime * 0.5f;
    else
        xPos = totalTime - seconds - halfTotalTime * 0.5f;
    // First draw world to screen
    modelViewMatrix.PushMatrix();
    M3DMatrix44f mCamera;
    cameraFrame.GetCameraMatrix(mCamera);
    modelViewMatrix.MultMatrix(mCamera);
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[0]); // Marble
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_TEXTURE_MODULATE, transformPipeline.GetModelViewProjectionMatrix(), vWhite, 0);
    floorBatch.Draw();
    DrawWorld(0.0f, xPos);
    modelViewMatrix.PopMatrix();
    if(bUsePBOPath)
    
        // First bind the PBO as the pack buffer, then read the pixels directly to the PBO
        // ☆ 首先绑定 PBO 为 Pack Buffer，再直接从 Frame Buffer 中读取像素到 PBO ☆ 
        glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, pixBuffObjs[0]);
        glReadPixels(0, 0, screenWidth, screenHeight, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
        glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);  // 解绑 PBO
        // Next bind the PBO as the unpack buffer, then push the pixels straight into the texture
        // ☆  接着绑定 PBO 为 Unpack Buffer，再把 PBO 中的像素直接推送到纹理当中 ☆ 
        glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, pixBuffObjs[0]);
        // Setup texture unit for new blur, this gets imcremented every frame
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + GetBlurTarget0() );
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB8, screenWidth, screenHeight, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
        glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0);    // 解绑 PBO
    
    else
    
        // Grab the screen pixels and copy into local memory
        // 从FrameBuffer中获取屏幕像素，并拷贝到客户端内存中
        glReadPixels(0, 0, screenWidth, screenHeight, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixelData);
        // Push pixels from client memory into texture
        // Setup texture unit for new blur, this gets imcremented every frame
        // 推送客户端内存中的像素到纹理中
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + GetBlurTarget0() );
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB8, screenWidth, screenHeight, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixelData);
    
    // Draw full screen quad with blur shader and all blur textures
    projectionMatrix.PushMatrix();
    projectionMatrix.LoadIdentity();
    projectionMatrix.LoadMatrix(orthoMatrix);
    modelViewMatrix.PushMatrix();
    modelViewMatrix.LoadIdentity();
    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    SetupBlurProg();
    screenQuad.Draw();
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    modelViewMatrix.PopMatrix();
    projectionMatrix.PopMatrix();
    // Move to the next blur texture for the next frame
    AdvanceBlurTaget();
    // Do the buffer Swap
    glutSwapBuffers();
    // Do it again
    glutPostRedisplay();
    UpdateFrameCount();

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

    screenWidth  = 800;
    screenHeight = 600;
    bFullScreen = false;
    bAnimated   = true;
    bUsePBOPath = false;    // true
    blurProg    = 0;
    speedFactor = 1.0f;
    gltSetWorkingDirectory(argv[0]);
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutInitWindowSize(screenWidth, screenHeight);
    glutCreateWindow("Pix Buffs");
    glutReshapeFunc(ChangeSize);
    glutDisplayFunc(RenderScene);
    glutKeyboardFunc(ProccessKeys);
    SetupRC();
    glutMainLoop();
    ShutdownRC();
    return 0;

执行效果图：

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