Ansible yum模块使用手册

Posted 2021-10-16 青衫解衣

yum模块

yum模块可以帮助我们批量管理Linux远程主机软件包。

参数：

name:用于指定需要管理的软件包,比如 nginx。

state:状态 present,installed,removed,latest,absent。默认为present。  

installed and present等效  

latest标志安装yum中最新版本

absent and removed 等效 表示删除安装包

disable_gpg_check:用于禁用rmp包的公钥gpg验证,默认值no ,表示不做验证,设置为 yes 表示禁用验证，即不验证包，直接安装。在对应的 yum 源没有开启 gpg 验证的情况下，需要将此参数的值设置为 yes，否则会报错而无法进行安装.

enablerepo:用于指定安装软件包是临时启用的yum源。假如你想要从A源中安装软件，但是你不确定A源是否启用了，你可以在安装软件包时将此参数的值设置为 yes，即使A源的设置是未启用，也可以在安装软件包时临时启用A源。

Disablerepo:用于指定安装软件包是临时禁止用的yum源。当多个 yum源中同时存在要安装的软件包时，你可以使用此参数临时禁用某个源

 

Ansible命令行执行yum模块:

安装nginx软件包:

ansible all -m yum -a \'name=nginx disable_gpg_check=yes\'

nginx软件包会被安装。

查看Nginx已经安装:

 

安装nginx软件包，临时关闭gpg校验:

ansible all -m yum -a \'name=nginx state=present disable_gpg_check=yes\'

ansible all  -m yum -a \'name=nginx state=installed disable_gpg_check=yes\'

上面三种方法几乎一样。

 

Ansible批量卸载软件包:

ansible all -m yum -a \'name=nginx state=absent\'

另一种写法:

ansible all  -m yum -a \'name=nginx state=removed\'

ansible只确认结果状态，没有改变就是绿色，有变化就是黄色,虽然没有安装，卸载一样返回成功。

 

指定临时源安装软件包:

ansible all -m yum -a \'name=telnet disable_gpg_check=yes enablerepo=base\'

enablerepo=base:base源是centos自带的源，/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo可以查看。

 

报错:

1.指定的临时源找不到 ,"msg": "Repository local not found."

[root@master ~]# ansible all -m yum -a \'name=telnet disable_gpg_check=yes enablerepo=local\'
10.40.42.127 | FAILED! => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "msg": "Repository local not found."
}
10.40.42.103 | FAILED! => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "msg": "Repository local not found."
}

 

指定的是源，不是yum源文件名:

# ansible all -m yum -a \'name=telnet disable_gpg_check=yes enablerepo=CentOS-Base\'

Ansible批量安装多个软件包:

ansible all -m yum -a "name=nginx,telnet state=installed"

 

playbook中使用yum模块:

安装nginx软件包，默认安装最新的:

- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: Install yum package in Ansible example
    yum:
      name: nginx
      state: present

安装最新版的git软件包:

- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: Install the latest yum package example.
    yum:
      name: git
      state: latest

安装软件包组:

[root@master ~]# cat grouptool.yml              
- hosts: 10.40.42.127
  tasks:
  - name: install the \'Development tools\' package group
    yum:
      name: "@Development tools"
      state: present

 

安装两组软件包组:

[root@master ~]# cat grouptool.yml              
- hosts: 10.40.42.127
  tasks:
  - name: Install libvirt
    yum:
      name: 
        - "@Virtualization Hypervisor" 
        - "@Virtualization Client"

 

 

另一种写法:

[root@master ~]# cat grouptool.yml 
- hosts: 10.40.42.127
  tasks:
  - name: install the \'Development tools\' package group
    yum:
      name: ["@Development tools","@Security Tools"]

 

指定url下载并安装软件包:

- name: install the nginx rpm from a remote repo
  yum:
    name: http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
    state: present

使用base源，安装nginx服务:

[root@master ~]# cat package.yml 
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: Install yum package in Ansible example
    yum:
      name: nginx
      state: installed
      enablerepo: base

 

查看epel源和官方源nginx的版本相同，所以再次安装并没有什么改变:

安装指定版本的软件包:

- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: Install a specific version of a package in Ansible.
    yum:
      name:  git-1.8.3.1-23.el7_8.x86_64
      state: present

 

批量安装多个软件包:

[root@master ~]# cat allpackages.yml 
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: yum
    yum:
      name: "{{ item }}"
      state: present
    with_items:
      - nginx
      - httpd
      - telnet

 

第二种写法:批量安装软件包:

[root@master ~]# cat allpackages.yml 
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: yum
    yum:
      name: "{{ packages }}"
    vars:
      packages:
      - nginx
      - telnet
      - httpd

 

第三种种写法:

[root@master ~]# cat allpackages.yml 
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: yum
    yum:
      name:
        - nginx
        - telnet
        - httpd
      state: present

 

第四种写法:

[root@master ~]# cat allpackages.yml 
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: yum
    yum:
      name: "{{ item }}"
      state: present
    loop:
        - nginx
        - telnet
        - httpd

 

第五种写法:

[root@master ~]# cat allpackages.yml                 
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: yum
    yum:
      name: ["nginx","httpd","telnet"]
      state: present

 

 

批量卸载多个软件包:

[root@master ~]# cat allpackages.yml                 
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: yum
    yum:
      name: "{{ packages }}"
      state: removed
    vars:
      packages:
      - nginx
      - telnet
      - httpd

只下载软件包，但是不安装:

[root@master ~]# cat package.yml 
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: Install yum package in Ansible example
    yum:
      name: 
      - telnet
      state: latest
      download_only: true

 

更新所有软件包:

你可以更新所有的yum软件包，例如使用命令yum -y update。你可以在名称中使用通配符“ *”。

- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: Upgrade all yum packages ansible.
    yum:
      name: "*"
      state: latest

使用exclude参数，以便某些软件包不应该升级。以下任务不会更新git软件包：

- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: Exclude some packages from an upgrade in Ansible.
    yum:
      name: "*"
      state: latest
      exclude: git*

Yum更新升级软件包，排除kernel*,foo*的软件包:

- name: upgrade all packages, excluding kernel & foo related packages
  yum:
    name: \'*\'
    state: latest
    exclude: kernel*,foo*