Nginx反向代理+负载均衡

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nginx反向代理+负载均衡

一、​实验需求：

1)访问A机器的80端口，反向代理到B机器的80端口；

   访问http://192.168.43.200/app,反向代理到B机器http://192.168.43.201/app

2)访问A机器的88端口，反向代理到C机器的88端口；

   访问http://192.168.43.200:88/app,反向代理到B机器http://192.168.43.201:88/app

3).访问A机器的80端口，负载均衡到后端的两台机器B和C的80端口​


二、实验环境

A: centos7.9--ip:192.168.43.200

web: Nginx   192.168.43.200

B: centos7.9--ip:192.168.43.201

web: Apache 192.168.43.201

C: centos7.2--ip:192.168.43.202

web: Apache 192.168.43.202

​1.nginx的反向代理：proxy_pass

2.nginx的负载均衡：upstream​


三、A机器安装Nginx

创建nginx用户

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@localhost ~]#

安装依赖包

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make

我已经提前把nginx安装包下载好并上传至服务器了

[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 1016
-rw-------. 1 root root    1260 Oct  8 08:16 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1032630 Oct 12 00:23 nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz 
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx-1.16.1
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module 
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# make && make install

启动服务

[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# ss -ant
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                  Local Address:Port                                 Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                                 *:80                                              *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                                 *:22                                              *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100                         127.0.0.1:25                                              *:*                  
ESTAB      0      52                     192.168.43.200:22                                 192.168.43.147:65306              
LISTEN     0      128                              [::]:22                                           [::]:*                  
LISTEN     0      100                             [::1]:25                                           [::]:*

nginx 停止、重新加载配置

[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

\'Nginx反向代理+负载均衡_Nginx反向代理+负载均衡\'

至此，nginx服务安装成功！

四、B机器安装Apache

[root@python ~]# yum -y install httpd
 [root@python ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/app
 [root@python app]# echo $HOSTNAME `hostname -i` >>/var/www/html/app/index.html
 [root@python www]# chown -R apache.apache /var/www/html/
[root@python app]# systemctl restart httpd

\'Nginx反向代理+负载均衡_Nginx反向代理+负载均衡_02\'

B机器安装完成，


五、C机器安装Apache

[root@python ~]# yum -y install httpd
 [root@python ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/app
 [root@python app]# echo $HOSTNAME `hostname -i` >>/var/www/html/app/index.html
 [root@python www]# chown -R apache.apache /var/www/html/
[root@python app]# systemctl restart httpd

\'Nginx反向代理+负载均衡_nginx安装_03\'

C机器安装完成，


六、配置Nginx

[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@localhost conf]# [root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf

6.1Nginx安装后的配置规范,

[root@localhost conf]# cat nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include      mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    charset utf-8;
 
    log_format  main  \'$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" \'
                      \'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" \'
                      \'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time\';
    sendfile      on;
    tcp_nopush    on;
    tcp_nodelay    on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
 
 
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
    fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
 
     
    client_header_timeout 600s;
    client_body_timeout 600s;
 
    client_max_body_size 100m;           
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;         
 
    gzip  on;
    gzip_min_length  1k;
    gzip_buffers    4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 9;
    gzip_types      text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
    gzip_vary on;
 
 
    include vhosts/*.conf;
}
[root@localhost conf]#

6.2配置Nginx-server反向代理

[root@localhost vhosts]# mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
[root@localhost conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
[root@localhost conf]# vim 201.conf

配置反向代理：（本机端口88转发到B机器的WEB：192.168.43.201）

[root@localhost vhosts]# cat 201.conf 
server {
    listen 88;   #监听本机端口号
    server_name localhost;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    root /var/www/html;
  
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error.log;
 
location / {
    proxy_pass http://192.168.43.201/app/;  #B服务器url
    proxy_redirect off ;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_connect_timeout 300;            #跟后端服务器连接超时时间，发起握手等候响应时间
    proxy_send_timeout 300;                #后端服务器回传时间，就是在规定时间内后端服务器必须传完所有数据
    proxy_read_timeout 600;                #连接成功后等待后端服务器的响应时间，已经进入后端的排队之中等候处理
    proxy_buffer_size 256k;                #代理请求缓冲区,会保存用户的头信息以供nginx进行处理
    proxy_buffers 4 256k;                  #同上，告诉nginx保存单个用几个buffer最大用多少空间
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;          #如果系统很忙时候可以申请最大的proxy_buffers
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;      #proxy缓存临时文件的大小
    proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
    proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}

​listen 88;                                                #监听端口

proxy_pass http://192.168.43.201/app/;   #反向代理web地址​

重启Nginx服务并测试

[root@localhost vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[root@localhost vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
[root@localhost vhosts]# ss -ant
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                                 Local Address:Port                                                                Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                                                *:80                                                                             *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                                *:22                                                                             *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                        127.0.0.1:25                                                                             *:*                  
ESTAB       0      52                                                    192.168.43.200:22                                                                192.168.43.147:65306              
LISTEN      0      128                                                             [::]:22                                                                          [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                            [::1]:25                                                                          [::]:*                  
[root@localhost vhosts]#

\'Nginx反向代理+负载均衡_nginx安装_04\'

本机88端口转发正常！


配置反向代理（本机端口80转发到C机器的WEB：192.168.43.202）

[root@localhost vhosts]# cat 202.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    root /var/www/html/app/;
  
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error.log;
 
location / {
    proxy_pass http://192.168.43.202/app/;
    proxy_redirect off ;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_connect_timeout 300;            #跟后端服务器连接超时时间，发起握手等候响应时间
    proxy_send_timeout 300;                #后端服务器回传时间，就是在规定时间内后端服务器必须传完所有数据
    proxy_read_timeout 600;                #连接成功后等待后端服务器的响应时间，已经进入后端的排队之中等候处理
    proxy_buffer_size 256k;                #代理请求缓冲区,会保存用户的头信息以供nginx进行处理
    proxy_buffers 4 256k;                  #同上，告诉nginx保存单个用几个buffer最大用多少空间
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;          #如果系统很忙时候可以申请最大的proxy_buffers
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;      #proxy缓存临时文件的大小
    proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
    proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}

\'Nginx反向代理+负载均衡_nginx安装_05\'

本机80端口转发正常！

nginx反向代理完成！

6.3配置Nginx反向代理+负载均衡

[root@localhost conf]# cat nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include      mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    charset utf-8;
 
    log_format  main  \'$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" \'
                      \'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" \'
                      \'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time\';
    sendfile      on;
    tcp_nopush    on;
    tcp_nodelay    on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
 
 
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
    fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
 
     
    client_header_timeout 600s;
    client_body_timeout 600s;
 
    client_max_body_size 100m;           
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;         
 
    gzip  on;
    gzip_min_length  1k;
    gzip_buffers    4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 9;
    gzip_types      text/plain application/x-Javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
    gzip_vary on;
 
 
    include vhosts/*.conf;
}
[root@localhost conf]#

配置负载均衡为默认轮询模式

[root@localhost vhosts]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
[root@localhost vhosts]# ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 nginx nginx 1208 Oct 12 03:43 LB.conf
[root@localhost vhosts]# cat LB.conf 
upstream webserver {
    server 192.168.43.201 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;  #max_fails = 3 为允许失败的次数，默认值为1
    server 192.168.43.202 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;  #fail_timeout = 30s 当max_fails次失败后，暂停将请求分发到该后端服务器的时间
}
 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    root /var/www/html;
  
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error.log;
 
    location / {
    proxy_pass http://webserver ;
    proxy_redirect off ;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_connect_timeout 300;           
    proxy_send_timeout 300;             
    proxy_read_timeout 600;             
    proxy_buffer_size 256k;               
    proxy_buffers 4 256k;                 
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;       
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;     
    proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
    proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
[root@localhost vhosts]#

​upstream webserver {                     #负载均衡的http upstream模块

   server 192.168.43.201 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;  #max_fails = 3 为允许失败的次数，默认值为1

   server 192.168.43.202 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;  #fail_timeout = 30s 当max_fails次失败后，暂停将请求分发到该后端服务器的时间

}​

   proxy_pass http://webserver ;  #集群名称， ​upstream webserver


重启Nginx服务

[root@localhost vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[root@localhost vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
[root@localhost vhosts]# ss -ant
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                                 Local Address:Port                                                                Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                                                *:80                                                                             *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                                *:22                                                                             *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                        127.0.0.1:25                                                                             *:*                  
ESTAB       0      52                                                    192.168.43.200:22                                                                192.168.43.147:65306              
LISTEN      0      128                                                             [::]:22                                                                          [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                            [::1]:25                                                                          [::]:*                  
[root@localhost vhosts]#


​检查WEB效果：因B和C的web需要加app,访问Nginx也需要加

\'Nginx反向代理+负载均衡_Nginx反向代理+负载均衡_06\'

\'Nginx反向代理+负载均衡_nginx安装_07\'

不断刷新，依次轮询访问B和C的WEB服务器！


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