Prometheus.yml 配置文件解析

Posted 2021-10-13 都市侠客行

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配置文件指标说明

global: 全局配置（如果有内部单独设定，会覆盖这个参数）

alerting: 告警插件定义。这里会设定alertmanager这个报警插件。

rule_files: 告警规则。按照设定参数进行扫描加载，用于自定义报警规则，其报警媒介和route路由由alertmanager插件实现。

scrape_configs:采集配置。配置数据源，包含分组job_name以及具体target。又分为静态配置和服务发现

原始配置文件内容：

# my global config
global:
scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets:
# - alertmanager:9093
# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global \'evaluation_interval\'.
rule_files:
# - "first_rules.yml"
# - "second_rules.yml"
# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it\'s Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
# The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
- job_name: \'prometheus\'
# metrics_path defaults to \'/metrics\'
# scheme defaults to \'http\'.
static_configs:
- targets: [\'localhost:9090\']

1.global指标说明：

# my global config

global:

scrape_interval: 15s # 默认15s 全局每次数据收集的间隔

evaluation_interval: 15s # 规则扫描时间间隔是15秒，默认不填写是 1分钟

scrape_timeout: 5s #超时时间

external_labels: # 用于外部系统标签的，不是用于metrics(度量)数据

2.alerting说明

# Alertmanager configuration

alerting:

alertmanagers:

- static_configs:

- targets:

# - alertmanager:9093

这里定义和prometheus集成的alertmanager插件，用于监控报警。后续会单独进行alertmanger插件的配置、配置说明、报警媒介以及route路由规则记录。

3.rule_files说明

这个主要是用来设置告警规则，基于设定什么指标进行报警（类似触发器trigger）。这里设定好规则以后，prometheus会根据全局global设定的evaluation_interval参数进行扫描加载，规则改动后会自动加载。其报警媒介和route路由由alertmanager插件实现。

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global \'evaluation_interval\'.

rule_files:

# - "first_rules.yml"

# - "second_rules.yml"

4.scrape_configs 默认规则：

scrape_configs:

# The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config.

- job_name: \'prometheus\'

# metrics_path defaults to \'/metrics\'

# scheme defaults to \'http\'.

static_configs:

- targets: [\'localhost:9090\']

支持的配置:

job_name: 任务目标名，可以理解成分组，每个分组包含具体的target组员。

scrape_interval: 5s #这里如果单独设定的话，会覆盖global设定的参数，拉取时间间隔为5s

metrics_path # 监控项访问的url路径,https://prometheus.21yunwei.com/metrics【通过前端web做了反向代理到后端】

targets: Endpoint # 监控目标访问地址

说明：上述为静态规则，没有设置自动发现。这种情况下增加主机需要自行修改规则，通过supervisor reload 对应任务，也是缺点：每次静态规则添加都要重启prometheus服务，不利于运维自动化。

prometheus支持服务发现

①文件服务发现

基于文件的服务发现方式不需要依赖其他平台与第三方服务，用户只需将要新的target信息以yaml或json文件格式添加到target文件中，prometheus会定期从指定文件中读取target信息并更新

好处：

（1）不需要一个一个的手工去添加到主配置文件，只需要提交到要加载目录里边的json或yaml文件就可以了；

（2）方便维护，且不需要每次都重启prometheus服务端。

案例：

scrape_configs:

# The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config.

- job_name: \'cn-hz-21yunwei-devops\'

# metrics_path defaults to \'/metrics\'

# scheme defaults to \'http\'.

#静态规则

static_configs:

- targets: [\'localhost:9090\']

#通过配置file 获取target，这里以21yunwei项目进行举例

- job_name: \'cn-hz-21yunwei-other\'

file_sd_configs:

- files:

- file_config/21yunwei/host.json

json文件内容

[

{

"targets": [

"1.1.1.1:9010"

"labels": {

"group": "21yunwei",

"app": "web",

"hostname": "cn-hz-21yunwei-web"

}

{

"targets": [

"2.2.2.2:9010"

"labels": {

"group": "21yunwei",

"app": "devops",

"hostname": "cn-hz-21yunwei-devops"

}

]

成品图如下

网上找了一个全解prometheus.yml

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration:告警配置，集成alertmanager插件
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
       - 127.0.0.1:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global \'evaluation_interval\'.
rule_files:
    - "rule/*.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it\'s Prometheus itself.

scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: \'cn-hz-21yunwei-devops\'
    # metrics_path defaults to \'/metrics\'
    # scheme defaults to \'http\'.
    static_configs:
    - targets: [\'cn-hz-21yunwei-devops:9100\']

#通过配置file 获取target，记录21yunwei的 web
  - job_name: \'cn-hz-21yunwei-other\'
    file_sd_configs:
    - files:
      - file_config/21yunwei/host.json

#判断告警搜 probe_success

## tcp端口检测
  - job_name: "tcp_port_check"
    scrape_interval: 15s
    scrape_timeout: 15s
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [tcp_connect]

    file_sd_configs:
    - files:
      - check/port/*_port.json

    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: ******:9115

## 判断状态码搜 probe_http_status_code

## 接口检测
  - job_name: \'http_url_check\'
    scrape_interval: 15s
    scrape_timeout: 15s
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]  # Look for a HTTP 200 response.

    file_sd_configs:
    - files:设置状态
      - check/url/*_url.json    

    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: *******:9115  

### ICMP检测

  - job_name: \'icmp_check\'
    scrape_interval: 15s
    scrape_timeout: 15s
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [icmp]

    file_sd_configs:
    - files:
      - check/icmp/*_icmp.json

    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: ******:9115