PowerShell 创建Hyper-v 虚拟机

Posted 2023-03-12

在日常工作中，经常遇到Hyper-v 创建虚拟机的情况。

手动创建十分繁琐且缓慢，以下是我通过Powershell 创建Hyper-v虚拟机的方式。分享给大家(*￣︶￣)

function Create-VM

Param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [string]$VMName,
    #can create a VM using an existing VHD template,if not create the new one.$VHDPath = Full path contains file name and extension.
    $VHDPath, # Templete Path, Can be empty
    $BootOp = "CD", #Boot Up
    $VMRootPath = "C:\\hyper-v\\", # VM Save Path
    $VMGen = 2, # Memory Gen 2
    $VMSwitch = "Default Switch", # SWitch Name 
    $VMISOPath = "E:\\ISO\\en_windows_server_2019_updated_jun_2021_x64_dvd_a2a2f782.iso", # ISO path, Can be empty
    $VMDiskSize = 100GB,
    $VMMem = 4GB,
    $VMProcesssorCount = 12,
    $StaticMemory = $false
)
    

if(($VMRootPath -match "\\\\$"))

    $VMRootPath = $VMRootPath -replace "\\\\$"


# judge VM path --inexistence,Create
if(!(Test-Path -Path $VMRootPath))

    New-Item $VMRootPath -ItemType Directory



$VMPath = (Get-Item $VMRootPath).FullName + "\\" + $VMName
if(!(Test-Path $VMPath))
New-Item $VMPath -ItemType Directory

# use exist template VHD Create VM
if($VHDPath) 

    Get-Item $VHDPath
    Copy-Item -Path $VHDPath -Destination $($VMPath + "\\" + $VMName + ".vhdx")
    New-VM -Name $VMName -MemoryStartupBytes 4GB -Path $VMPath  -Generation 2 -SwitchName "Default Switch" 
    
    Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $VMName  -Path $($VMPath + "\\" + $VMName + ".vhdx")  -ControllerType SCSI 
    $VMDiskDrive = Get-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $VMName
    Set-VMFirmware -FirstBootDevice $VMDiskDrive -VMName $VMName
    

#if VHD inexistence, New VHD Create VM
else

    $VMHDPath = $VMPath + "\\" + $VMName + ".vhdx"
    $VMHDPath = New-VHD -Path $VMHDPath -Dynamic -SizeBytes $VMDiskSize
    New-VM -Name $VMName -MemoryStartupBytes $VMMem -Path $VMPath  -Generation 2 -SwitchName "Default Switch"  -BootDevice $BootOp
    Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $VMName -Path $VMHDPath.Path -ControllerType SCSI


if($VMISOPath)

    Set-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMName -Path $VMISOPath


# Set VM Processor Count and Disable AutomaticCheckpoints
Set-VMProcessor -VMName $VMName -Count $VMProcesssorCount -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true 
if($StaticMemory)Set-VM -AutomaticCheckpointsEnabled $false -VMName $VMName -StaticMemory
elseSet-VM -AutomaticCheckpointsEnabled $false -VMName $VMName


Start-VM $VMName



# Create-VM -VMName Centos8.4_Docker_Package1 -VMISOPath "E:\\ISO\\CentOS-8.4.2105-x86_64-dvd1.iso" -VMGen 1
# Create-VM -VMName H2019-DC03 -VMRootPath C:\\hyper-v1\\ -VMGen 2 -VMSwitch "Default Switch" -VMISOPath "E:\\ISO\\en_windows_server_2019_updated_jun_2021_x64_dvd_a2a2f782.iso" -VMDiskSize 80GB -VMProcesssorCount 10
# Create-VM -VMName H2019-Host01 -VMGen 2 -VMSwitch "Default Switch" -VMISOPath "E:\\ISO\\en_windows_server_2019_updated_jun_2021_x64_dvd_a2a2f782.iso" -VMDiskSize 80GB -VMProcesssorCount 10 -VHDPath D:\\Hyper-V\\Winsrv-2019-EN.vhdx
# Create-VM -VMName H2019-Host02 -VMGen 2 -VMSwitch "Default Switch" -VMISOPath "E:\\ISO\\en_windows_server_2019_updated_jun_2021_x64_dvd_a2a2f782.iso" -VMDiskSize 80GB -VMProcesssorCount 10 -VHDPath D:\\Hyper-V\\Winsrv-2019-EN.vhdx
# Create-VM -VMName H2019-Host03 -VMGen 2 -VMSwitch "Default Switch" -VMISOPath "E:\\ISO\\en_windows_server_2019_updated_jun_2021_x64_dvd_a2a2f782.iso" -VMDiskSize 80GB -VMProcesssorCount 10 -VHDPath D:\\Hyper-V\\Winsrv-2019-EN.vhdx
# Create-VM -VMName H2019-Host04 -VMGen 2 -VMSwitch "Default Switch" -VMISOPath "E:\\ISO\\en_windows_server_2019_updated_jun_2021_x64_dvd_a2a2f782.iso" -VMDiskSize 80GB -VMProcesssorCount 10 -VHDPath D:\\Hyper-V\\Winsrv-2019-EN.vhdx
Create-VM -VMName H2019-Host05 -VMGen 2 -VMSwitch "Default Switch" -VMISOPath "E:\\ISO\\en_windows_server_2019_updated_jun_2021_x64_dvd_a2a2f782.iso" -VMDiskSize 80GB -VMProcesssorCount 10 -VHDPath D:\\Hyper-V\\Winsrv-2019-EN.vhdx
Create-VM -VMName H2019-Host06 -VMGen 2 -VMSwitch "Default Switch" -VMISOPath "E:\\ISO\\en_windows_server_2019_updated_jun_2021_x64_dvd_a2a2f782.iso" -VMDiskSize 80GB -VMProcesssorCount 10 -VHDPath D:\\Hyper-V\\Winsrv-2019-EN.vhdx

总结

Update 2023-3-3 add Set-VMFirmware -FirstBootDevice $VMDiskDrive -VMName $VMName

添加VHD后，网络驱动启动很烦，修改设置为VHD启动。

Update 2023-3-10   $VMMem = 4GB, $StaticMemory = $false

添加内存参数，并添加静态内存配置选项。

Quoting：

​​https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/about/​​