vmware常用操作之磁盘扩容

Posted 2023-03-09

概要

无论虚拟机还是企业维护的正式服务器，安装应用过多过，必定面临磁盘不够用的情况，特别个人实验使用的虚拟机，应该对磁盘使用做好规划。文件系统使用的基本规划

挂载目录	系统类型	作用	是否扩展
/	本地系统	存放OS文件和常用包	否
/opt	lvm	存放应用软件和数据	是

扩展过程

1查看文件系统使用情况

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3        18G  17G   1G  99% /

devtmpfs        471M     0  471M   0% /dev

tmpfs           487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs           487M  8.4M  478M   2% /run

tmpfs           487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1       297M  147M  151M  50% /boot

tmpfs            98M  8.0K   98M   1% /run/user/42

tmpfs            98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0

2用虚拟机增加磁盘

3 查看增加后的磁盘

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda      8:0    0   20G  0 disk

├─sda1   8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot

├─sda2   8:2    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]

└─sda3   8:3    0 17.7G  0 part /

sdb      8:16   0    5G  0 disk

sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

4 对新增磁盘分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).


Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.


Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x53ba8de0.


Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p):

Using default response p

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +sizeK,M,G (2048-10485759, default 10485759):

Using default value 10485759

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set


Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

5 写分区信息到内核

[root@localhost ~]# partprobe

6 验证分区已添加

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l


Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000afea4


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048      616447      307200   83  Linux

/dev/sda2          616448     4810751     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3         4810752    41943039    18566144   83  Linux


Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x53ba8de0


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1            2048    10485759     5241856   83  Linux

lvm原理图如下

具体原理可参考

​​https://blog.csdn.net/beginerToBetter/article/details/129367828​​

7 按图中所示步骤创建lvm

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay

  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<5.00 GiB"

  --- NEW Physical volume ---

  PV Name               /dev/sdb1

  VG Name

  PV Size               <5.00 GiB

  Allocatable           NO

  PE Size               0

  Total PE              0

  Free PE               0

  Allocated PE          0

  PV UUID               7S3jJR-jJuf-2bJA-ZDJP-tEz1-QjGm-CHeOVG


[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1

  Volume group "vg1" successfully created

[root@localhost ~]# vgs

  VG  #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree

  vg1   1   0   0 wz--n- <5.00g <5.00g

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay

  --- Physical volume ---

  PV Name               /dev/sdb1

  VG Name               vg1

  PV Size               <5.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

  Allocatable           yes

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              1279

  Free PE               1279

  Allocated PE          0

  PV UUID               7S3jJR-jJuf-2bJA-ZDJP-tEz1-QjGm-CHeOVG


[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -n lv_app vg1

  Logical volume "lv_app" created.

[root@localhost ~]# lvs

  LV     VG  Attr       LSize Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

  lv_app vg1 -wi-a----- 2.00g

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg1/lv_app

meta-data=/dev/vg1/lv_app        isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=524288, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, versinotallow=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

8 挂载磁盘到对那个lvm

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv_app /opt/

挂载原来如下图

9 扩容lvm

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +100M /dev/mapper/vg1-lv_app -r

  Size of logical volume vg1/lv_app changed from 2.30 GiB (589 extents) to <2.40 GiB (614 extents).

  Logical volume vg1/lv_app successfully resized.

10 挂载永久生效

[root@localhost ~]# df -T
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv_app xfs        2086912   32992   2053920   2% /opt
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab

/dev/mapper/vg1-lv_app                    /opt                    xfs     defaults        0 0

#最终重启生效
[root@localhost ~]# reboot