Windows编译OpenCV4Android解决undefined reference to std错误

Posted 2021-01-17 2523984508

注意OpenCV 4.0.1 解决了这个问题请直接下载OpenCV 4.0.1

但是OpenCV 4.0.1作为模块导入android Studio会有找不到R.styleable的问题

OpenCV 4.0.1 找不到R.styleable解决

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OpenCV4Android支持三种使用方式

1.Java层调用
2.NDK调用动态库（方便，但是会包含整个.so库）
3.NDK调用静态库（灵活，比如没有用到机器学习模块，libopencv_ml.a里的代码是不会打包到动态库里的）
通过链接静态库的方式使用OpenCV4Android，CMAKE配置如下

#############################prepare for using of opencv static library####################
#first step to use opencv
set(OpenCV_STATIC ON)
#second step to use opencv
set(OpenCV_DIR C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/jni)
#third step to use opencv
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
###########################################################################################
##################################################the native-lib shared library############
# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.

add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
        native-lib

        # Sets the library as a shared library.
        SHARED

        # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
        src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp)

# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.

find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
        log-lib

        # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
        # you want CMake to locate.
        log)

# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.
target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
        native-lib

        #foutth step to use opencv link opencv
        ${OpenCV_LIBS}
        # Links the target library to the log library
        # included in the NDK.
        ${log-lib})
######################################################################################

仅仅是新建项目稍稍修改了native-lib.cpp的代码，在函数里用了下opencv的函数

#include <jni.h>
#include <string>
#include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc_c.h"

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_example_useprebuiltstaticlibrary_MainActivity_stringFromJNI(
        JNIEnv *env,
        jobject /* this */) {
    std::string hello="hello";
    cv::Mat m=cv::Mat::eye(3,3,CV_8UC1);
    return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}

编译时却报错

Build command failed.
Error while executing process C:\\sdk\\cmake\\3.6.4111459\\bin\\cmake.exe with arguments {--build C:\\sdk\\demo\\usePrebuiltStaticLibrary\\app\\.externalNativeBuild\\cmake\\debug\\armeabi-v7a --target native-lib}
[1/2] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/native-lib.dir/src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp.o
[2/2] Linking CXX shared library ..\\..\\..\\..\\build\\intermediates\\cmake\\debug\\obj\\armeabi-v7a\\libnative-lib.so
FAILED: cmd.exe /C "cd . && C:\\sdk\\ndk-bundle\\toolchains\\llvm\\prebuilt\\windows-x86_64\\bin\\clang++.exe  --target=armv7-none-linux-androideabi23 --gcc-toolchain=C:/sdk/ndk-bundle/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/windows-x86_64 --sysroot=C:/sdk/ndk-bundle/sysroot -fPIC -isystem C:/sdk/ndk-bundle/sysroot/usr/include/arm-linux-androideabi -g -DANDROID -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -no-canonical-prefixes -march=armv7-a -mfloat-abi=softfp -mfpu=vfpv3-d16 -mthumb -mfpu=neon -Wa,--noexecstack -Wformat -Werror=format-security -std=c++11 -std=c++11 -O0 -fno-limit-debug-info  -Wl,--exclude-libs,libgcc.a -Wl,--exclude-libs,libatomic.a -nostdlib++ --sysroot C:/sdk/ndk-bundle/platforms/android-23/arch-arm -Wl,--build-id -Wl,--warn-shared-textrel -Wl,--fatal-warnings -Wl,--fix-cortex-a8 -Wl,--exclude-libs,libunwind.a -LC:/sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/llvm-libc++/libs/armeabi-v7a -Wl,--no-undefined -Wl,-z,noexecstack -Qunused-arguments -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -shared -Wl,-soname,libnative-lib.so -o ..\\..\\..\\..\\build\\intermediates\\cmake\\debug\\obj\\armeabi-v7a\\libnative-lib.so CMakeFiles/native-lib.dir/src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp.o  C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_highgui.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_features2d.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_shape.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_imgcodecs.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_ml.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_videoio.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_dnn.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_flann.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_objdetect.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_calib3d.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_video.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_superres.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_photo.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_imgproc.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_stitching.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_videostab.a -llog C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/3rdparty/libs/armeabi-v7a/liblibprotobuf.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_calib3d.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_features2d.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_highgui.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_videoio.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_imgcodecs.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/3rdparty/libs/armeabi-v7a/liblibjpeg-turbo.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/3rdparty/libs/armeabi-v7a/liblibwebp.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/3rdparty/libs/armeabi-v7a/liblibpng.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/3rdparty/libs/armeabi-v7a/liblibtiff.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/3rdparty/libs/armeabi-v7a/liblibjasper.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/3rdparty/libs/armeabi-v7a/libIlmImf.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_flann.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_video.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_photo.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_imgproc.a C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a -lz C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/3rdparty/libs/armeabi-v7a/libtbb.a -lc C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/3rdparty/libs/armeabi-v7a/libcpufeatures.a -ldl -lm -llog C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/3rdparty/libs/armeabi-v7a/libtegra_hal.a -latomic -lm "C:/sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/llvm-libc++/libs/armeabi-v7a/libc++_static.a" "C:/sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/llvm-libc++/libs/armeabi-v7a/libc++abi.a" "C:/sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/llvm-libc++/libs/armeabi-v7a/libunwind.a" "-ldl" && cd ."
C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(system.cpp.o):system.cpp:function std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*) [clone .part.13]: error: undefined reference to \'std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::clear(std::_Ios_Iostate)\'
C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(system.cpp.o):system.cpp:function cv::Exception::formatMessage(): error: undefined reference to \'std::basic_stringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_stringstream(std::_Ios_Openmode)\'
C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(system.cpp.o):system.cpp:function cv::Exception::formatMessage(): error: undefined reference to \'std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::__ostream_insert<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, int)\'
C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(system.cpp.o):system.cpp:function cv::Exception::formatMessage(): error: undefined reference to \'std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::__ostream_insert<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, int)\'
C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(system.cpp.o):system.cpp:function cv::Exception::formatMessage(): error: undefined reference to \'std::ostream::put(char)\'
C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(system.cpp.o):system.cpp:function cv::Exception::formatMessage(): error: undefined reference to \'std::ostream::flush()\'
C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(system.cpp.o):system.cpp:function cv::Exception::formatMessage(): error: undefined reference to \'std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::__ostream_insert<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, int)\'
C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(system.cpp.o):system.cpp:function cv::Exception::formatMessage(): error: undefined reference to \'std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::__ostream_insert<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, int)\'
C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(system.cpp.o):system.cpp:function cv::Exception::formatMessage(): error: undefined reference to \'std::ostream::put(char)\'
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C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(persistence_json.cpp.o):persistence_json.cpp:function icvJSONParseValue(CvFileStorage*, char*, CvFileNode*): error: undefined reference to \'std::string::at(unsigned int)\'
C:/sdk/opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk/sdk/native/staticlibs/armeabi-v7a/libopencv_core.a(persistence.cpp.o):persistence.cpp:function check_if_write_struct_is_delayed(CvFileStorage*, bool): error: undefined reference to \'std::string::assign(char const*, unsigned int)\'
clang++.exe: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

google得知是因为编译这些静态库时所用的编译器、标准库等跟NDK当前的版本不同。网上的建议都是stl改为gnustl_static或gnustl_shared之类。可较新的NDK都不支持这些stl了，为了使用OpenCV静态库只能重新编译了。
编译OpenCV4Android的过程里爬了不少坑，总结一下，希望有助于小白们。

1. 安装MinGW
这里不详细的说了，网上很多教程。选择如图三项安装

安装好后差不多二三百兆，在环境变量Path里添加
C:\\MinGW\\bin
C:\\MinGW\\msys\\1.0\\bin
这里C:\\MinGW是我的安装目录。配置好后需要注销计算机，再登陆。在命令行里gcc -v看到能输出版本就算差不多设置好环境了。

2. CMAKE 配置
下载好源代码解压，我放在C:\\opencv-3.4.2。打开CMAKE图形界面

如图一定要选择MinGW Makefiles，我想这也是为什么一定要先安装配置MinGW的原因。选择指定工具链，点击next

这里一定要注意，选择的不是源代码
\\opencv-3.4.2\\platforms\\android\\android.toolchain.cmake
这个工具链，这个工具链过时了。新版本的NDK带有自己的工具链，这里选择NDK
/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake这个工具链。
这里感谢
https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/8742
点击Finish。有错误别管，点击configure。开始配置。出现错误就再点configure直到遇到一个跳不过去的错误，看看是不是让你配置SDK路径

Android SDK: specify path to Android SDK via ANDROID_SDK_ROOT /
  ANDROID_HOME / ANDROID_SDK variables

点击Add Entry添加变量

 注意类型是FilePath。点击OK。点击configure。很快又跳出一个错误

CMake Error at cmake/android/android_gradle_projects.cmake:1 (message):
  

  Android gradle-based build/projects are not supported in this version of
  OpenCV.

  You need to downgrade Android SDK Tools to version 25.2.5.

  Details: https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/8460

Call Stack (most recent call first):
  cmake/android/OpenCVDetectAndroidSDK.cmake:204 (include)
  CMakeLists.txt:645 (include)

这是SDK比较新，新的SDK只支持Gradle编译，而OpenCV需要Ant编译。这里也给出了解决方法
Details: https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/8460
就是下载一个较旧的SDK。正如连接所说，windows选择这个
https://dl.google.com/android/repository/tools_r25.2.5-windows.zip
解压后发现里面只有一个tool目录，而SDK里也有一个tool目录。我的做法是先重命名SDK里的tool为tool28。再将下载的tool复制进SDK。
点击configure。（这里可能还是这个错误，这样就需要删除C:\\opencv-3.4.2\\build里所有内容，重启CMAKE。再来一次。所以这一步最好在CMAKE前就做好。
接下来会遇到这个错误

CMake Error at cmake/android/OpenCVDetectAndroidSDK.cmake:184 (message):
  Android SDK: Can\'t build Android projects as requested by
  BUILD_ANDROID_PROJECTS=ON variable.

  Use BUILD_ANDROID_PROJECTS=OFF to prepare Android project files without
  building them
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  CMakeLists.txt:645 (include)

如图搜索这个变量，取消选择。点击configure。
配置成功。

如图搜做tbb选择两项，否则不生成libtbb.a库，我不知这又什么用，但是预编译的SDK里有这个。
还有其它的一些变量可以配置，比如添加ANDROID_ABI，否则仅仅生成armeabi-v7a。修改变量、添加变量后记得configure。
配置完成点击generate，生成完成。CMAKE可关闭了。

3.编译
命令行进入C:\\opencv-3.4.2\\build目录，这里有很多配置好的文件，输入mingw32-make，就开始编译。等好久就成功了。

C:\\opencv-3.4.2\\build>mingw32-make
Scanning dependencies of target gen-pkgconfig
[  0%] Generate opencv.pc
[  0%] Built target gen-pkgconfig
Scanning dependencies of target libcpufeatures
[  0%] Building C object 3rdparty/cpufeatures/CMakeFiles/libcpufeatures.dir/cpu-features.c.o
[  0%] Linking C static library ..\\lib\\armeabi-v7a\\libcpufeatures.a
[  0%] Built target libcpufeatures
Scanning dependencies of target libjpeg-turbo
[  0%] Building C object 3rdparty/libjpeg-turbo/CMakeFiles/libjpeg-turbo.dir/src/jcapimin.c.o
[  1%] Building C object 3rdparty/libjpeg-turbo/CMakeFiles/libjpeg-turbo.dir/src/jcapistd.c.o
[  1%] Building C object 3rdparty/libjpeg-turbo/CMakeFiles/libjpeg-turbo.dir/src/jccoefct.c.o
[  1%] Building C object 3rdparty/libjpeg-turbo/CMakeFiles/libjpeg-turbo.dir/src/jccolor.c.o
[  1%] Building C object 3rdparty/libjpeg-turbo/CMakeFiles/libjpeg-turbo.dir/src/jcdctmgr.c.o
[  1%] Building C object 3rdparty/libjpeg-turbo/CMakeFiles/libjpeg-turbo.dir/src/jchuff.c.o
[  1%] Building C object 3rdparty/libjpeg-turbo/CMakeFiles/libjpeg-turbo.dir/src/jcinit.c.o
[  1%] Building C object 3rdparty/libjpeg-turbo/CMakeFiles/libjpeg-turbo.dir/src/jcmainct.c.o
[  1%] Building C object 3rdparty/libjpeg-turbo/CMakeFiles/libjpeg-turbo.dir/src/jcmarker.c.o
[  1%] Building C object 3rdparty/libjpeg-turbo/CMakeFiles/libjpeg-turbo.dir/src/jcmaster.c.o
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[ 99%] Linking CXX executable ..\\..\\bin\\opencv_perf_stitching
[ 99%] Built target opencv_perf_stitching
Scanning dependencies of target opencv_videostab
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/deblurring.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/fast_marching.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/frame_source.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/global_motion.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/inpainting.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/log.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/motion_stabilizing.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/optical_flow.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/outlier_rejection.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/stabilizer.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_videostab.dir/src/wobble_suppression.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX static library ..\\..\\lib\\armeabi-v7a\\libopencv_videostab.a
[100%] Built target opencv_videostab
Scanning dependencies of target opencv_test_videostab
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_videostab.dir/test/test_main.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object modules/videostab/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_videostab.dir/test/test_motion_estimation.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable ..\\..\\bin\\opencv_test_videostab
[100%] Built target opencv_test_videostab

4.配置库
生成的库在
\\opencv-3.4.2\\build\\lib
第三方库在
\\opencv-3.4.2\\build\\3rdparty\\lib
将其复制到
\\opencv-3.4.2-android-sdk
相应目录下替换掉原来的

现在编译项目则没有链接错误了。

参考文章：
1.https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/8742
2.https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/8460
3.https://blog.csdn.net/xiao19950820/article/details/77119891