android notification，notificationmanager详解

Posted 2020-08-20 xiangzhihong8

我们知道在使用android的通知的时候一定会用到NotificationManager 、 Notification这两个类，这两个类的作用分别是：

NotificationManager ：  是状态栏通知的管理类，负责发通知、清楚通知等。

Notification：状态栏通知对象，可以设置icon、文字、提示声音、振动等等参数。

这里需要声明一点，由于Android的系统升级，Android在通知这块也有很多老的东西被抛弃了，一个是api11的版本，一个是api16的版本。我们来比较下api11之前的用法这是通用的：

PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,  
                    new Intent(this, MainActivity.class), 0);  
            // 下面需兼容Android 2.x版本是的处理方式   
            Notification notify1 = new Notification();  
            notify1.icon = R.drawable.message;  
            notify1.tickerText = "TickerText:您有新短消息，请注意查收！";  
            notify1.when = System.currentTimeMillis();  
            notify1.setLatestEventInfo(this, "Notification Title",  
                    "This is the notification message", pendingIntent);  
            notify1.number = 1;  
            notify1.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL; 
            manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_FLAG, notify1);  

api11-api16的用法是这样的（主要是新增了自定义通知图标，并且通知的构造方式也发生了改变）

 PendingIntent pendingIntent2 = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,  
                    new Intent(this, MainActivity.class), 0);  
            // API11之后才支持  
            Notification notify2 = new Notification.Builder(this)  
                    .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.message) 
                    .setTicker("TickerText:" + "您有新短消息，请注意查收！") 
                    .setContentTitle("Notification Title")  
                    .setContentText("This is the notification message")
                    .setContentIntent(pendingIntent2)
                    .setNumber(1) 
                    .getNotification(); // 需要注意build()是在API level  
            // 16及之后增加的，在API11中可以使用getNotificatin()来代替  
            notify2.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;  
            manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_FLAG, notify2);  

api16之后

PendingIntent pendingIntent3 = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,  
                    new Intent(this, MainActivity.class), 0);  
            // API16之后才支持  
            Notification notify3 = new Notification.Builder(this)  
                    .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.message)  
                    .setTicker("TickerText:" + "您有新短消息，请注意查收！")  
                    .setContentTitle("Notification Title")  
                    .setContentText("This is the notification message")  
                    .setContentIntent(pendingIntent3).setNumber(1).build(); 
            notify3.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL; // FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL表明当通知被用户点击时，通知将被清除。  
            manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_FLAG, notify3);//关联通知

我们这里讲的主要是api16之后的使用方法

首先我们通过系统的Service获取NotificationManager对象，然后通过他将消息发送给系统，获取方法如下：

NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);  

Notification主要包含以下参数：

• An icon  (通知的图标)
• A title and expanded message  (通知的标题和内容)
• A PendingIntent   (点击通知执行页面跳转)

使用流程：

1、创建NotificationManager 

通过NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);获取NotificationNotificationManager 消息管理类，

2，创建Notification实体

通过Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this);创建一个通知的实体，里面可以包含很多的参数，如通知的Icon，消息内容，跳转等。

3，通过notificationManager.notify(0, builder.build());将消息绑定，里面会用到NotificationService（这里不做讲解）

普通通知

Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this);
        Intent mIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("http://blog.csdn.net/xiangzhihong8"));
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, mIntent, 0);
        builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
        builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.lanucher);
        builder.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.lanucher));
        builder.setAutoCancel(true);
        builder.setContentTitle("普通通知");
        builder.setContentText("您有新短消息，请注意查收");
        notificationManager.notify(0, builder.build());

折叠式通知

我们还可以通过RemoteViews（这里就是桌面小控件的实现，不知道大家是否还有印象）

Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this);
        Intent mIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("http://blog.csdn.net/itachi85/"));
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, mIntent, 0);
        builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
        builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.foldleft);
        builder.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.lanucher));
        builder.setAutoCancel(true);
        builder.setContentTitle("折叠菜单");
        builder.setContentText("您有新短消息，请注意查收");
        //用RemoteViews来创建自定义Notification视图
        RemoteViews remoteViews = new RemoteViews(getPackageName(), R.layout.view_fold);
        Notification notification = builder.build();
        //指定展开时的视图
        notification.bigContentView = remoteViews;
        notificationManager.notify(1, notification);

自定义通知

  Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this);
        Intent mIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("http://blog.csdn.net/xiangzhihong8"));
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, mIntent, 0);
        builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
        builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.foldleft);
        builder.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.icon));
        builder.setAutoCancel(true);
        builder.setContentTitle("自定义菜单");
        builder.setContentText("您有新短消息，请注意查收");
        //设置点击跳转
        Intent hangIntent = new Intent(this,NotificationActivity.class);
        hangIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        PendingIntent hangPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, hangIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
        builder.setFullScreenIntent(hangPendingIntent, true);

        notificationManager.notify(2, builder.build());

源码： http://download.csdn.net/detail/xiangzhihong8/9639345