安卓基础（点击事件）

Posted 2020-11-25 doublebest1

今天学习了安卓开发的点击事件，下面我来叙述一下实现点击时间得基本方法：

第一种：在要被点击得控件中加onclick属性

格式：android：onClick="方法名" 例如andoroid：onClick="oneClick"

接下来在对应这个布局得activity中写一个方法，格式为：

public void 方法名(View view ){

方法得执行代码；

} 

例如：

public void oneOnclick(View view){
    Log.d(TAG,"...1");
    if(view instanceof TextView){
        String a = ((TextView)view).getText().toString();
        Log.d(TAG,"name =="+ a);//打印每个键所包含得文本内同容

    }
}
第一种实例(计算器)代码：
activity代码：

package com.example.text2;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.calculatorlayout);
    }
public void oneOnclick(View view){
    Log.d(TAG,"...1");
    if(view instanceof TextView){
        String a = ((TextView)view).getText().toString();
        Log.d(TAG,"name =="+ a);//打印每个键所包含得文本内同容
    }
}
}

xml文件带代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="80dp"
    android:layout_gravity="center"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    >
    <TextView
        android:onClick="oneOnclick"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
         android:text="C"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:background="@drawable/selector"
        android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
    <TextView
        android:onClick="oneOnclick"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="+/-"
       android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:background="@drawable/selector"
        android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
    <TextView
        android:onClick="oneOnclick"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="%"
       android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:background="@drawable/selector"
        android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
    <TextView
        android:onClick="oneOnclick"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="÷"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:background="@drawable/selector_oring"

        android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

</LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="1"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="2"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="3"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="÷"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector_oring"

            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="4"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="5"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="6"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="x"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector_oring"

            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="7"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="8"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="9"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="-"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector_oring"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="0"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:layout_weight="2"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            ></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="."
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="="
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector_oring"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

白色外边框代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <solid android:color="#ffffff"/>
    <stroke android:color="#333333" android:width="1dp"/>
</shape>

点击之后变色代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <solid android:color="#999999"/>
    <stroke android:color="#333333" android:width="1dp"/>
</shape>

橙色外边框代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <solid android:color="#e47f24"/>
    <stroke android:color="#333333" android:width="1dp"/>
</shape>

点击之后变色代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <solid android:color="#b55f1c"/>
    <stroke android:color="#333333" android:width="1dp"/>
</shape>

白色部分选择事件代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:drawable="@drawable/shape_rectangle_grey" android:state_pressed="true"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/shape_rectangle"/>
</selector>

橙色部分选择事件代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@drawable/shape_rectangle_oring_gery"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/shape_rectangle_oring"/>
</selector>

安卓手机端开发截图：

 

 

点击控件，显示台截图：

第二种：通过id声明来找到控件并对其进行设置点击事件

第一步：给对应的控件设置id

第二步：找到控件

第三步：设置点击事件

package com.example.text2;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    private TextView cancel;
    private TextView plus_red;
    private TextView divisible;
    private TextView chu;
    private TextView one;
    private TextView two;
    private TextView three;
    private TextView plus;
    private TextView four;
    private TextView five;
    private TextView six;
    private TextView multiply;
    private TextView senven;
    private TextView eight;
    private TextView nine;
    private TextView cut;
    private TextView zero;
    private TextView spot;
    private TextView equal;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.calculatorlayout_byid);
        initview();
        //设置点击事件
        initClick();
    }

    private void initview() {
         cancel = this.findViewById(R.id.cancel);
         plus_red = this.findViewById(R.id.plus_red);
        divisible = this.findViewById(R.id.divisible);
        chu = this.findViewById(R.id.chu);
        one = this.findViewById(R.id.one);
        two = this.findViewById(R.id.two);
        three = this.findViewById(R.id.three);
        plus = this.findViewById(R.id.plus);
        four = this.findViewById(R.id.four);
        five = this.findViewById(R.id.five);
        six = this.findViewById(R.id.six);
        multiply = this.findViewById(R.id.multiply);
        senven = this.findViewById(R.id.senven);
        eight = this.findViewById(R.id.eight);
        nine = this.findViewById(R.id.nine);
        cut = this.findViewById(R.id.cut);
        zero = this.findViewById(R.id.zero);
        spot = this.findViewById(R.id.spot);
        equal = this.findViewById(R.id.equal);
    }
/*
设置点击事件
 */
    public  void  initClick(){
        //第一种设置方式
        cancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"点击键值为"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        divisible.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"点击键值为"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        chu.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"点击键值为"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        plus.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"点击键值为"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        four.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"点击键值为"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        five.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"点击键值为"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        six.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"点击键值为"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });

//第二中设置方法
         plus_red.setOnClickListener(this);
         one.setOnClickListener(this);
         two.setOnClickListener(this);
         three.setOnClickListener(this);
        multiply.setOnClickListener(this);
        senven.setOnClickListener(this);
        eight.setOnClickListener(this);
        nine.setOnClickListener(this);
        cut.setOnClickListener(this);
        zero.setOnClickListener(this);
        spot.setOnClickListener(this);
        equal.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Log.d(TAG,"点击键值为"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
    }
}

安卓开发截图和第一种方法一样就不截图了，控制台截图（为方便区分我输出值为中文）：

 

 

这是今天所学，明天继续加油，丰富自己的知识储备！