安卓自动化测试：Robotiumpage object 模式完善测试框架

Posted 2020-11-20 拉努斯石

1、目前比较流行的设计模式就是page object，page object就是把页面作为对象，在使用中传递页面对象，来使用页面对象中相应的成员或者方法，能更好的提现java的面向对象和封装特性
2、具体思想：测试框架分为四大类
1）编写抽象父类：建立Utils包，存放工具类，用于自动完成唤醒手机、解锁、登录等前置操作，之后的用例只需继承抽象父类即可
2）提取控件ID类：在工程中建立从com.pacagename.test.elements包用例存放控件ID类。命名一般以Element开头，后面接Activity结尾，举个栗子：ElementLoginActivity，代码如下：
package com.coolwi.km.user.elements;

import android.R;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.coolwi.km.user.test.myOperationFun;
import com.robotium.solo.Solo;

public class ElementsLoginActivity {
private Solo solo;
private EditText login_numEditText,noteEditText;
private Button bt_loginButton;
private LinearLayout delete_numButton,login_ll_wexin;
private TextView gain_note;

public ElementsLoginActivity(Solo solo) {
this.solo=solo;
}

public void initViews(){
try {
login_numEditText=(EditText) clickById("login_numEditText");
noteEditText=(EditText) clickById("noteEditText");
delete_numButton=(LinearLayout) clickById("delete_num");
bt_loginButton=(Button) clickById("bt_login");
gain_note=(TextView) clickById("gain_note");
login_ll_wexin=(LinearLayout) clickById("login_ll_wexin");
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
/*noteEditText=(EditText)solo.getCurrentActivity().findViewById(R.id.noteEditText);
delete_numButton=(LinearLayout)solo.getCurrentActivity().findViewById(R.id.delete_num);
bt_loginButton=(Button)solo.getCurrentActivity().findViewById(R.id.bt_login);
gain_note=(TextView)solo.getCurrentActivity().findViewById(R.id.gain_note);
login_ll_wexin=(LinearLayout)solo.getCurrentActivity().findViewById(R.id.login_ll_wexin); */
}

public EditText getlogin_numEditText(){
return login_numEditText;
}

public EditText getnoteEditText() {
return noteEditText;
}

public LinearLayout getdelete_numButton(){
return delete_numButton;
}

public Button getbt_loginButton() {
return bt_loginButton;

}

public void enterlogin_num(String text) {
solo.enterText(login_numEditText, text);
}

public void enternote(String text) {
solo.enterText(noteEditText, text);
}

public void enterbt_loginButton(){
solo.clickOnView(bt_loginButton);
}

public void clickdelete_numButton(){
solo.clickOnView(delete_numButton);
}

public void clickgain_note() {
solo.clickOnView(gain_note);
}

public void clicklogin_ll_wexin() {
solo.clickOnView(login_ll_wexin);
}

private void clickbt_loginButton() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
solo.clickOnView(bt_loginButton);

}
}
3）操作统一入口类：用于操作提取的控件ID类。新建一个UIHeleper类，用于操控所有的控件类。
package com.coolwi.km.user.test;

import com.coolwi.km.user.elements.ElementsLoginActivity;
import com.robotium.solo.Solo;

public class UIHelper {
private Solo solo=null;
private ElementsLoginActivity ElementsLoginActivity;

public UIHelper() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public UIHelper(Solo solo){
this.solo=solo;
}
public Solo getsolo(){
return solo;
}


public ElementsLoginActivity getElementsLoginActivity() {
if(ElementsLoginActivity==null){
ElementsLoginActivity=new ElementsLoginActivity(solo);
}
ElementsLoginActivity.initViews();

return ElementsLoginActivity;

}
}
4）更新抽象父类和测试用例：用于更新抽象父类，并根据需求更新对应的测试用例。举个栗子：
a、基本类如下：
package com.coolwi.km.user.test;

import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;

import com.robotium.solo.Solo;

public class BasicTestCase extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 {
private static final String LAUNCHER_ACTIVITY_FULL_CLASSNAME="com.coolwi.km.user.activity.SplashActivity";
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private static Class<?> launchActiviClass;
static{
try {
launchActiviClass=Class.forName(LAUNCHER_ACTIVITY_FULL_CLASSNAME);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);// TODO: handle exception
}
}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public BasicTestCase() throws Exception{
super(launchActiviClass);
}
public Solo solo;
public UIHelper uiHelper=null;
public void init() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
solo=new Solo(getInstrumentation(),getActivity());
uiHelper=new UIHelper(solo);
}
}
b、登录类继承基本类，并成功登录
package com.coolwi.km.user.test;

public class TestCase1 extends BasicTestCase {

public TestCase1() throws Exception {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
}

@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private void testTestCase1() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// uiHelper.getElementsLoginActivity().
uiHelper.getElementsLoginActivity().enterlogin_num("15088132074");
uiHelper.getElementsLoginActivity().enternote("159753");
uiHelper.getElementsLoginActivity().enterbt_loginButton();

}

}