Java中Integer这个类的详细描述，甚至原代码？？？

Posted 2023-02-14

直接帖着了，慢慢看吧
贴不全，不如自己到sun去下java的原代码，都是公开的
/*
* @(#)Integer.java 1.76 03/01/23
*
* Copyright 2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/

package java.lang;

/**
* The <code>Integer</code> class wraps a value of the primitive type
* <code>int</code> in an object. An object of type
* <code>Integer</code> contains a single field whose type is
* <code>int</code>.
*
* <p>
*
* In addition, this class provides several methods for converting an
* <code>int</code> to a <code>String</code> and a <code>String</code>
* to an <code>int</code>, as well as other constants and methods
* useful when dealing with an <code>int</code>.
*
* @author Lee Boynton
* @author Arthur van Hoff
* @version 1.76, 01/23/03
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public final class Integer extends Number implements Comparable
/**
* A constant holding the minimum value an <code>int</code> can
* have, -2³¹.
*/
public static final int MIN_VALUE = 0x80000000;

/**
* A constant holding the maximum value an <code>int</code> can
* have, 2³¹-1.
*/
public static final int MAX_VALUE = 0x7fffffff;

/**
* The <code>Class</code> instance representing the primitive type
* <code>int</code>.
*
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public static final Class TYPE = Class.getPrimitiveClass("int");

/**
* All possible chars for representing a number as a String
*/
final static char[] digits =
'0' , '1' , '2' , '3' , '4' , '5' ,
'6' , '7' , '8' , '9' , 'a' , 'b' ,
'c' , 'd' , 'e' , 'f' , 'g' , 'h' ,
'i' , 'j' , 'k' , 'l' , 'm' , 'n' ,
'o' , 'p' , 'q' , 'r' , 's' , 't' ,
'u' , 'v' , 'w' , 'x' , 'y' , 'z'
;

/**
* Returns a string representation of the first argument in the
* radix specified by the second argument.
* <p>
* If the radix is smaller than <code>Character.MIN_RADIX</code>
* or larger than <code>Character.MAX_RADIX</code>, then the radix
* <code>10</code> is used instead.
* <p>
* If the first argument is negative, the first element of the
* result is the ASCII minus character <code>'-'</code>
* (<code>'\u002D'</code>). If the first argument is not
* negative, no sign character appears in the result.
* <p>
* The remaining characters of the result represent the magnitude
* of the first argument. If the magnitude is zero, it is
* represented by a single zero character <code>'0'</code>
* (<code>'\u0030'</code>); otherwise, the first character of
* the representation of the magnitude will not be the zero
* character. The following ASCII characters are used as digits:
* <blockquote><pre>
* 0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
* </pre></blockquote>
* These are <code>'\u0030'</code> through
* <code>'\u0039'</code> and <code>'\u0061'</code> through
* <code>'\u007A'</code>. If <code>radix</code> is
* <var>N</var>, then the first <var>N</var> of these characters
* are used as radix-<var>N</var> digits in the order shown. Thus,
* the digits for hexadecimal (radix 16) are
* <code>0123456789abcdef</code>. If uppercase letters are
* desired, the @link java.lang.String#toUpperCase() method may
* be called on the result:
* <blockquote><pre>
* Integer.toString(n, 16).toUpperCase()
* </pre></blockquote>
*
* @param i an integer to be converted to a string.
* @param radix the radix to use in the string representation.
* @return a string representation of the argument in the specified radix.
* @see java.lang.Character#MAX_RADIX
* @see java.lang.Character#MIN_RADIX
*/
public static String toString(int i, int radix)

if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX || radix > Character.MAX_RADIX)
radix = 10;

/* Use the faster version */
if (radix == 10)
return toString(i);


char buf[] = new char[33];
boolean negative = (i < 0);
int charPos = 32;

if (!negative)
i = -i;


while (i <= -radix)
buf[charPos--] = digits[-(i % radix)];
i = i / radix;

buf[charPos] = digits[-i];

if (negative)
buf[--charPos] = '-';


return new String(buf, charPos, (33 - charPos));


/**
* Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an
* unsigned integer in base 16.
* <p>
* The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 2³²
* if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the
* argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits
* in hexadecimal (base 16) with no extra leading
* <code>0</code>s. If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is
* represented by a single zero character <code>'0'</code>
* (<code>'\u0030'</code>); otherwise, the first character of
* the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the
* zero character. The following characters are used as
* hexadecimal digits:
* <blockquote><pre>
* 0123456789abcdef
* </pre></blockquote>
* These are the characters <code>'\u0030'</code> through
* <code>'\u0039'</code> and <code>'\u0061'</code> through
* <code>'\u0066'</code>. If uppercase letters are
* desired, the @link java.lang.String#toUpperCase() method may
* be called on the result:
* <blockquote><pre>
* Integer.toHexString(n).toUpperCase()
* </pre></blockquote>
*
* @param i an integer to be converted to a string.
* @return the string representation of the unsigned integer value
* represented by the argument in hexadecimal (base 16).
* @since JDK1.0.2
*/
public static String toHexString(int i)
return toUnsignedString(i, 4);


/**
* Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an
* unsigned integer in base 8.
* <p>
* The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 2³²
* if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the
* argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits
* in octal (base 8) with no extra leading <code>0</code>s.
* <p>
* If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a
* single zero character <code>'0'</code>
* (<code>'\u0030'</code>); otherwise, the first character of
* the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the
* zero character. The following characters are used as octal
* digits:
* <blockquote><pre>
* 01234567
* </pre></blockquote>
* These are the characters <code>'\u0030'</code> through
* <code>'\u0037'</code>.
*
* @param i an integer to be converted to a string.
* @return the string representation of the unsigned integer value
* represented by the argument in octal (base 8).
* @since JDK1.0.2
*/
public static String toOctalString(int i)
return toUnsignedString(i, 3);


/**
* Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an
* unsigned integer in base 2.
* <p>
* The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 2³²
* if the argument is negative; otherwise it is equal to the
* argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits
* in binary (base 2) with no extra leading <code>0</code>s.
* If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a
* single zero character <code>'0'</code>
* (<code>'\u0030'</code>); otherwise, the first character of
* the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the
* zero character. The characters <code>'0'</code>
* (<code>'\u0030'</code>) and <code>'1'</code>
* (<code>'\u0031'</code>) are used as binary digits.
*
* @param i an integer to be converted to a string.
* @return the string representation of the unsigned integer value
* represented by the argument in binary (base 2).
* @since JDK1.0.2
*/
public static String toBinaryString(int i)
return toUnsignedString(i, 1);


/**
* Convert the integer to an unsigned number.
*/
private static String toUnsignedString(int i, int shift)
char[] buf = new char[32];
int charPos = 32;
int radix = 1 << shift;
int mask = radix - 1;
do
buf[--charPos] = digits[i & mask];
i >>>= shift;
while (i != 0);

return new String(buf, charPos, (32 - charPos));


final static char [] DigitTens =
'0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0',
'1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1',
'2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2',
'3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3',
'4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4',
'5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5',
'6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6',
'7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7',
'8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8',
'9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9',
;

final static char [] DigitOnes =
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
;

// I use the "invariant division by multiplication" trick to
// accelerate Integer.toString. In particular we want to
// avoid division by 10.
//
// The "trick" has roughly the same performance characterists
// as the "classic" Integer.toString code on a non-JIT VM.
// The trick avoids .rem and .div calls but has a longer code
// path and is thus dominated by dispatch overhead. In the
// JIT case the dispatch overhead doesn't exist and the
// "trick" is considerably faster than the classic code.
//
// TODO-FIXME: convert (x * 52429) into the equiv shift-add
// sequence.
//
// RE: Division by Invariant Integers using Multiplication
// T Gralund, P Montgomery
// ACM PLDI 1994
//

/**
* Returns a <code>String</code> object representing the
* specified integer. The argument is converted to signed decimal
* representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the
* argument and radix 10 were given as arguments to the @link
* #toString(int, int) method.
*
* @param i an integer to be converted.
* @return a string representation of the argument in base 10.
*/
public static String toString(int i)
switch(i)
case Integer.MIN_VALUE: return "-2147483648";
case -3: return "-3";
case -2: return "-2";
case -1: return "-1";
case 0: return "0";
case 1: return "1";
case 2: return "2";
case 3: return "3";
case 4: return "4";
case 5: return "5";
case 6: return "6";
case 7: return "7";
case 8: return "8";
case 9: return "9";
case 10: return "10";

char[] buf = (char[])(perThreadBuffer.get());
int charPos = getChars(i, buf);
return new String(buf, charPos, 12 - charPos);


// Per-thread buffer for string/stringbuffer conversion
private static ThreadLocal perThreadBuffer = new ThreadLocal()
protected synchronized Object initialValue()
return new char[12];

;

private static int getChars(int i, char[] buf)
int q, r;
int charPos = 12;
char sign = 0;

if (i < 0)
sign = '-';
i = -i;


// Generate two digits per iteration
while (i >= 65536)
q = i / 100;
// really: r = i - (q * 100);
r = i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2));
i = q;
buf [--charPos] = DigitOnes[r];
buf [--charPos] = DigitTens[r];


// Fall thru to fast mode for smaller numbers
// assert(i <= 65536, i);
for (;;)
q = (i * 52429) >>> (16+3);
r = i - ((q << 3) + (q << 1)); // r = i-(q*10) ...
buf [--charPos] = digits [r];
i = q;
if (i == 0) break;

if (sign != 0)
buf [--charPos] = sign;

return charPos;


static void appendTo(int i, StringBuffer sb)
switch(i)
case Integer.MIN_VALUE:
sb.append("-2147483648");
return;
case -3: sb.append("-3"); return;
case -2: sb.append("-2"); return;
case -1: sb.append("-1"); return;
case 0: sb.append("0"); return;
case 1: sb.append("1"); return;
case 2: sb.append("2"); return;
case 3: sb.append("3"); return;
case 4: sb.append("4"); return;
case 5: sb.append("5"); return;
case 6: sb.append("6"); return;
case 7: sb.append("7"); return;
case 8: sb.append("8"); return;
case 9: sb.append("9"); return;
case 10: sb.append("10"); return;

char[] buf = (char[])(perThreadBuffer.get());
int charPos = getChars(i, buf);
sb.append(buf, charPos, 12 - charPos);


/**
* Parses the string argument as a signed integer in the radix
* specified by the second argument. The characters in the string
* must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined by
* whether @link java.lang.Character#digit(char, int) returns a
* nonnegative value), except that the first character may be an
* ASCII minus sign <code>'-'</code> (<code>'\u002D'</code>) to
* indicate a negative value. The resulting integer value is returned.
* <p>
* An exception of type <code>NumberFormatException</code> is
* thrown if any of the following situations occurs:
* <ul>
* <li>The first argument is <code>null</code> or is a string of
* length zero.
* <li>The radix is either smaller than
* @link java.lang.Character#MIN_RADIX or
* larger than @link java.lang.Character#MAX_RADIX.
* <li>Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified
* radix, except that the first character may be a minus sign
* <code>'-'</code> (<code>'\u002D'</code>) provided that the
* string is longer than length 1.
* <li>The value represented by the string is not a value of type
* <code>int</code>.
* </ul><p>
* Examples:
* <blockquote><pre>
* parseInt("0", 10) returns 0
* parseInt("473", 10) returns 473
* parseInt("-0", 10) returns 0
* parseInt("-FF", 16) returns -255
* parseInt("1100110", 2) returns 102
* parseInt("2147483647", 10) returns 2147483647
* parseInt("-2147483648", 10) returns -2147483648
* parseInt("2147483648", 10) throws a NumberFormatException
* parseInt("99", 8) throws a NumberFormatException
* parseInt("Kona", 10) throws a NumberFormatException
* parseInt("Kona", 27) returns 411787
* </pre></blockquote>
*
* @param s the <code>String</code> containing the integer
* representation to be parsed
* @param radix the radix to be used while parsing <code>s</code>.
* @return the integer represented by the string argument in the
* specified radix.
* @exception NumberFormatException if the <code>String</code>
* does not contain a parsable <code>int</code>.
*/
public static int parseInt(String s, int radix)
throws NumberFormatException

if (s == null)
throw new NumberFormatException("null");


if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX)
throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
" less than Character.MIN_RADIX");


if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX)
throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
" greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");


int result = 0;
boolean negative = false;
int i = 0, max = s.length();
int limit;
int multmin;
int digit;

if (max > 0)
if (s.charAt(0) == '-')
negative = true;
limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
i++;
else
limit = -Integer.MAX_VALUE;

multmin = limit / radix;
if (i < max)
digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
if (digit < 0)
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
else
result = -digit;


while (i < max)
// Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
if (digit < 0)
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

if (result < multmin)
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

result *= radix;
if (result < limit + digit)
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

result -= digit;

else
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

if (negative)
if (i > 1)
return result;
else /* Only got "-" */
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

else
return -result;



/**
* Parses the string argument as a signed decimal integer. The
* characters in the string must all be decimal digits, except that
* the first character may be an ASCII minus sign <code>'-'</code>
* (<code>'\u002D'</code>) to indicate a negative value. The resulting
* integer value is returned, exactly as if the argument and the radix
* 10 were given as arguments to the
* @link #parseInt(java.lang.String, int) method.
*
* @param s a <code>String</code> containing the <code>int</code>
* representation to be parsed
* @return the integer value represented by the argument in decimal.
* @exception NumberFormatException if the string does not contain a
* parsable integer.
*/
public static int parseInt(String s) throws NumberFormatException
return parseInt(s,10);


/**
* Returns an <code>Integer</code> object holding the value
* extracted from the specified <code>String</code> when parsed
* with the radix given by the second argument. The first argument
* is interpreted as representing a signed integer in the radix
* specified by the second argument, exactly as if the arguments
* were given to the @link #parseInt(java.lang.String, int)
* method. The result is an <code>Integer</code> object that
* represents the integer value specified by the string.
* <p>
* In other words, this method returns an <code>Integer</code>
* object equal to the value of:
*
* <blockquote><code>
* new Integer(Integer.parseInt(s, radix))
* </code></blockquote>
*
* @param s the string to be parsed.
* @param radix the radix to be u 参考技术A public class Test
public static void main(String[] args)
Integer i1 = 127;
Integer i2 = 127;
Integer i3 = Integer.valueOf(127);

if (i1 == i2)
System.out.println("i1 == i2 is true!");
else
System.out.println("i1 == i2 is false!");

if (i1 >= i2)
System.out.println("i1 >= i2 is true!");
else
System.out.println("i1 >= i2 is false!");

if (i1 == i3)
System.out.println("i1 == i3 is true!");
else
System.out.println("i1 == i3 is false!");




当值是127时，输出是：
i1 == i2 is true!
i1 >= i2 is true!
i1 == i3 is true!

当值是128时，输出是：
i1 == i2 is false!
i1 >= i2 is true!
i1 == i3 is false!

说明：
我使用的是Sun JDK 1.5.0_03-b07 和 Eclipse 3.2M4。

“Integer i1 = 127;”在JDK1.4下不能编译通过的，会提示：“ Type mismatch: cannot convert from int to Integer”的错误，一般改写为：“Integer i1 = new Integer(127);”。

“Integer i1 = 127;”在JDK1.5下可以编译通过的，这就是自动装箱（Autoboxing）和自动拆箱（Auto-Unboxing）。自动装箱（Autoboxing）特性让Java自动包装一个简单数据类型（例如int）到对应的包装类型中（例如Integer）中。

在《JSR 201: Extending the Java Programming Language with Enumerations, Autoboxing, Enhanced for loops and Static Import》中，对这个问题，是作了这样的规定：
If the value p being boxed is true, false, a byte, an ASCII character, or an integer or short number between -127 and 128, then let r1 and r2 be the results of any two boxing conversions of p. It is always the case that r1 == r2.

在Java中，The following is the list of primitives stored as immutable objects（不可变对象）:
* boolean values true and false
* All byte values
* short values between -128 and 127
* int values between -128 and 127
* char in the range \u0000 to \u007F

为了更容易理解问题，用Jad将上面代码反编译，如下：
import java.io.PrintStream;

public class Test


public Test()



public static void main(String args[])

Integer i1 = Integer.valueOf(128);
Integer i2 = Integer.valueOf(128);
Integer i3 = Integer.valueOf(128);

if(i1 == i2)
System.out.println("i1 == i2 is true!");
else
System.out.println("i1 == i2 is false!");

if(i1.intValue() >= i2.intValue())
System.out.println("i1 >= i2 is true!");
else
System.out.println("i1 >= i2 is false!");

if(i1 == i3)
System.out.println("i1 == i3 is true!");
else
System.out.println("i1 == i3 is false!");



从这可以看出，“Integer i1 = 128;”在JDK1.5下应该编译成了“Integer i1 = Integer.valueOf(128);”。

再看看java.lang.Integer中关于valueOf的源代码是怎样的：
public static Integer valueOf(int i)
final int offset = 128;
if (i >= -128 && i <= 127) // must cache
return IntegerCache.cache[i + offset];

return new Integer(i);


可以看出，这个值在-128到127之间，会将其cached（缓存）起来，如果多次使用的话，会节省内存和改善性能；如果不在这个范围之内，则生成一个新的Integer Object instance，这样如果进行“==”时，由于是比较两个不同的Object references，故结果是false。事实上，这个特性从JDK 1.3就存在了（以前的我不清楚） 。

参考资料：http://blog.csdn.net/jerryao/archive/2006/07/03/870159.aspx